PBEAML

Bulk Data Entry Defines the properties of a beam element by cross-sectional dimensions that are used to create beam elements via the CBEAM entry.

Format


(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)
PBEAML	`PID`	`MID`	`GROUP`	`TYPE`/ `NAME`	`ND`
	`DIM1(A)`	`DIM2(A)`	etc	`NSM(A)`	`SO(1)`	`X(1)`/ `XB`	`DIM1(1)`	`DIM2(1)`
	etc	`NSM(1)`	etc	`SO(B)`	`X(B)`/ `XB`	`DIM1(B)`	`DIM2(B)`	etc
	`NSM(B)`

* The format of this Bulk Data Entry is somewhat unusual as the field locations can vary depending on the number of dimensions used to define the cross-section.

Optional continuation line for cross section integration (section type BAR & ROD only):


(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)
+	`INT`	`Q_ORDER`	`Q_ORDER2`

Example


(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)
PBEAML	99	21		T
	12.	14.8	2.5	26.		NO	0.4	6.
	7.	1.2	2.6		YES	0.6	6.	7.8
	5.6	2.3		YES

Definitions


Field	Contents	SI Unit Example
`PID`	Unique simple beam property identification. Integer Specifies an identification number for this property. <String> Specifies a user-defined string label for this property. 2 No default (Integer > 0 or <String>)
`MID`	Material identification. 1 2 Integer Specifies a material identification number. <String> Specifies a user-defined material identification string. No default (Integer > 0 or <String>)
`GROUP`	Indicates if an arbitrary beam section definition is to be used. Refer to Arbitrary Beam Section Definition in the User Guide. If the value of this field is HYPRBEAM, the following field is `NAME`; otherwise it is `TYPE`. Default = blank (blank or HYPRBEAM)
`TYPE`	Cross-section shape. When `GROUP` field is blank, this field is `TYPE`. No default (BAR, BOX, BOX1, CHAN, CHAN1, CHAN2, CROSS, H, HAT, HEXA, I, I1, L, ROD, T, T1, T2, TUBE, or Z)
`NAME`	Name of arbitrary beam section definition. Refer to Arbitrary Beam Section Definition in the User Guide. When the value of `GROUP` is HYPRBEAM, this field is `NAME`. No default (Character string)
`ND`	Number of dimensions used to specify the Cross-section shape. This is required when the value of the `GROUP` field is HYPRBEAM. `ND` represents the total number of dimensions used to define an Arbitrary Beam Section. Default = blank
`DIMi(A)`	Cross-section dimensions at end A. No default (Real > 0.0)
`NSM(A)`	Nonstructural mass per unit length at end A. Default = 0.0 (Real)
`SO(#)`	Stress output request option for intermediate station #. Stress output is not supported for intermediate stations so this field must be set to NO.
`X(#)`/`XB`	Distance from end A to intermediate station # in the element coordinate system, divided by the length of the element. Default = 1.0 (Real > 0.0)
`DIMi(#)`	Cross-section dimensions at intermediate station #. (Real > 0.0)
`NSM(#)`	Nonstructural mass per unit length at intermediate station #. Default = 0.0 (Real)
`SO(B)`	Stress output request option for end B. YES (Default) NO
`X(B)`/`XB`	Distance form end A to end B in the element coordinate system, divided by the length of the element. This must be 1.0
`DIMi(B)`	Cross-section dimensions at end B. (Real > 0.0)
`NSM(B)`	Nonstructural mass per unit length at end B. Default = 0.0 (Real)
`INT`	Continuation line flag for activating integrated beam. 10
`Q_ORDER`	Defines the quadrature order for determination of the number of sub-sections of integrated beam. For default, see 10, 11, 12
`Q_ORDER2`	Second quadrature order in the thickness direction of particular beam sections. Ignored for ROD/BAR sections. For default, see 10, 11, 12

Comments

For structural problems, MID may reference only a MAT1 material entry. For heat transfer problems, MID may reference only a MAT4 material entry. In implicit analysis, MID can reference MAT1 and MAT4 in combination with adiabatic analysis.
String based labels allow for easier visual identification of properties, including when being referenced by other cards. (For example, the PID field of elements). For more details, refer to String Label Based Input File in the Bulk Data Input File.
Up to eleven stations are allowed (end A and B, and nine intermediate stations #).

The cross-sectional properties, shear flexibility factors, and stress recovery points (C, D, E, and F) are computed using the TYPE and DIMi as shown below. The element coordinate system is located at the shear center.

Figure 1. `TYPE` = BAR	Figure 2. `TYPE` = BOX
Figure 3. `TYPE` = BOX1	Figure 4. `TYPE` = CHAN
Figure 5. `TYPE` = CHAN1	Figure 6. `TYPE` = CHAN2
Figure 7. `TYPE` = CROSS	Figure 8. `TYPE` = H
Figure 9. `TYPE` = HAT	Figure 10. `TYPE` = HEXA
Figure 11. `TYPE` = I	Figure 12. `TYPE` = I1
Figure 13. `TYPE` = L	Figure 14. `TYPE` = ROD
Figure 15. `TYPE` = T	Figure 16. `TYPE` = T1
Figure 17. `TYPE` = T2	Figure 18. `TYPE` = TUBE
Figure 19. `TYPE` = Z

For PBEAML entries with more than one section, an equivalent PBEAM entry is derived. An echo request will cause a printout of the derived PBEAM.
Stress recovery is only allowed at end A and end B. Stress recovery at intermediate stations is not supported.
For TYPE=ROD, if X(1)/XB is equal to 1.0, then the DIM(1)A references the radius of the beam at end A and DIM(1)B references the radius of the beam at end B and there are no intermediate stations. This element is a tapered beam formulation, and averaging is not used to determine the average radius of the beam. Instead, the true tapered beam formulation is used with the given dimensions. The true tapered beam formulation is only available for TYPE=ROD.
Figure 20.
DIMi and NSM have to be specified fully on station A. On station B, blank means that the dimensions are the same as at A. On other stations, it is a linear interpolation between A and B.
The NSM specified at end A is the default value for NSM at end B. The default for all other stations is a linear interpolation between end A and end B. So, for a constant NSM over the length of the beam, only NSM at end A is required.
The mass of the element is calculated as:
$Mass = density * beam_area * beam_length + NSM * beam_length$
If the NSM value is different in different stations, it is averaged over all the stations and the average is used in the element calculation.
The integrated beam is supported only in nonlinear implicit and explicit analyses. Both elastic materials (MAT1) and plastic materials (MAT1 and MATS1) are supported in both implicit and explicit analyses. In implicit analysis, integrated beam also supports the temperature-dependent material for elastic material property with the MATT1 card, and temperature dependent stress-strain data for plastic material using TABLEST within MATS1 card, which is currently limited to hardening rules HR = 1, 2 or 3. The integrated beam is automatically activated when MATS1 is referenced. The integrated beam can be activated for MAT1 with the keyword INT in the PBEAML continuation line.

The integrated beam formulation is currently available for TYPE = ROD/BAR/I sections. In this case, the beam is computed using cross-section integration. The integration points are automatically distributed in the section according to the quadrature order and the type of the section. For BAR, the number of integration points is Q_ORDER * Q_ORDER. In implicit analysis, some examples of integration point distribution in beam cross sections based on the Q_ORDER value are mentioned below.

Implicit Analysis: ROD and BAR Sections

In implicit analysis, the number of integration points is calculated only based on Q_ORDER. By default, it is 4 for ROD, thus 16 integration points, and 5 for BAR, thus 25 integration points.

Figure 21. Implicit Analysis ROD and BAR Section Integration Points

Implicit Analysis: I, L, and TUBE Section

In implicit analysis, the number of integration points for I-section is determined with Q_ORDER and Q_ORDER2. By default it is 2x2, thus 32 integration points.

Figure 22. Implicit Analysis I Section Integration Points

Similarly, for L-section the default is 4x2, thus 20 integration points.

Figure 23. Implicit Analysis L Section Integration Points

The TUBE section has a default of 40x2, thus 80 integration points.

Figure 24. Implicit Analysis TUBE Section. Default Q_ORDER = 40, Q_ORDER2 = 2

In explicit analysis, some examples of integration point distribution in beam cross sections based on the Q_ORDER value are:

Explicit Analysis: ROD and BAR sections

Figure 25. BAR Section `Q_ORDER` = 5 (Default)	Figure 26. BAR Section `Q_ORDER` = 4
Figure 27. ROD Section `Q_ORDER` = 4 (Default)	Figure 28. ROD Section `Q_ORDER` = 5

Explicit Analysis: I and L Sections

Sub-section definition is similar to implicit analysis but the default value for Q_ORDER is different.

Figure 29. I Section Order 2x2 (Default)

Explicit Analysis: TUBE Section

Sub-section definition is also similar to implicit analysis with different default values for Q_ORDER.

Figure 33. TUBE Section Order 20x2 (Default)

The table below details the default quadrature order (Q_ORDER and Q_ORDER2) and the total number of integration point in beam sections in both implicit and explicit analysis.


Section	Implicit Defaults Q_ORDER, Total number of integration points (max Q_ORDER x Q_ORDER2)	Explicit Defaults Q_ORDER, Total number of integration points, (max Q_ORDER x Q_ORDER2)
ROD	4x4, 16 (max 9)	4x4, 17 (max 5x5)
BAR	5x5, 25 (max 9)	5x5, 25 (max 5x5)
I-Section	2x2, 32 (max 9x9)	2x2, 51(max 5x5)
L-Section	4x2, 20 (max 9x9)	2x2, 27 (max 5x5)
TUBE	40x2, 80 (max 360x9)	20x2, 60 (max 40x5)

This card is represented as a property in HyperMesh.