OS-T: 1371 Brake Squeal Analysis of Brake Assembly
In this tutorial you will perform a brake squeal analysis on a brake assembly. Disc brakes are operated by applying a clamping load using a set of brake pads on the disc. The friction generated between the pads and the disc causes deceleration, and can potentially induce a dynamic instability of the system. This phenomena is known as brake squeal.
For this model OptiStruct will predict an unstable mode and the instability is seen to occur at the point of mode coalescence, that is, a pair of modes occur at the same frequency (mode coupling), and one of them is unstable. The unstable mode can be identified during complex eigenvalue extraction because the real part of the eigenvalue corresponding to an unstable mode is positive.
- Hexahedral Mesh is created for the brake assembly
- All parts are defined with material MAT1
- All parts are defined with Solid Element Property
- A cylindrical coordinate system is defined with respect to the disc
- S2S Contacts are defined between brake pad and disc
- Sub-case CLAMPLOAD: Nonlinear static analysisPressure Load on Insulator (Inner and Outer), with SPC (DOF1).
- Sub-case ROTOR: Nonlinear static analysis with CNTNLSUB.
Pressure Load on Pad and Rotation of the Disc, with non-zero SPC (DOF2).Tip:
- The prescribed rotation should be large enough to ensure the contact between the disc and the pad is in kinetic friction, but small enough to ensure small displacement NLSTAT.
- Kinetic friction is a constant value (independent of velocity), hence prescribing rotation using SPCD is equivalent to prescribing rotational speed. The important outcome is that the contact nodes are in kinetic friction mode and it does not matter how fast or how far you move this using SPCD.
Launch HyperMesh and Set the OptiStruct User Profile
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Launch HyperMesh.
The User Profile dialog opens.
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Select OptiStruct and click
OK.
This loads the user profile. It includes the appropriate template, macro menu, and import reader, paring down the functionality of HyperMesh to what is relevant for generating models for OptiStruct.
Import the Model
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Click
.An Import tab is added to your tab menu.
- For the File type, select OptiStruct.
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Select the Files icon .
A Select OptiStruct file browser opens.
- Select the brsq.fem file you saved to your working directory.
- Click Open.
- Click Import, then click Close to close the Import tab.
Set Up the Model
Create EIGRL and EIGC Cards
- In the Model Browser, right-click and select .
- In the Name field, enter modal_space.
- For Config type, select Real Eigen Value Extraction.
- For Type, select EIGRL from the drop-down menu.
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Click V2 and input 5000.
5000 is defined as the highest frequency bond.
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Click ND and input 100.
100 real modes are required to produce the reduced space for complex eigenvalue analysis.
- Create another load step input named ceig_squeal.
- For Config type, select Complex Eigen Value Extraction.
- For Type, verify the default EIGC is selected.
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Click NORM and select MAX.
MAX option is used to normalize the eigenvectors.
- For ND0 OPTIONS, select User Defined from the drop-down menu.
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Click ND0 and input 55.
The desired number of roots to be extracted is 55.
Define Load Step for Modal Complex Eigenvalue Analysis
- In the Model Browser, right-click and select .
- In the Name field, enter BRSQ.
- Click Analysis type and select Complex eigen (modal) from the drop-down menu.
- For SPC, select DOF2 from the list of load collectors.
- For CMETHOD, select ceig_squeal from the list of load step inputs.
- For METHOD(STRUCT), select modal_space from the list of load step inputs.
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For STATSUB (BRAKE), select Sub-case ROTOR (ID 2).
Tip: Create STATSUB (BRAKE) manually if this is not yet supported in HyperMesh.
Submit the Job
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From the Analysis page, click the OptiStruct
panel.
- Click save as.
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In the Save As dialog, specify location to write the
OptiStruct model file and enter
brsq for filename.
For OptiStruct input decks, .fem is the recommended extension.
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Click Save.
The input file field displays the filename and location specified in the Save As dialog.
- Set the export options toggle to all.
- Set the run options toggle to analysis.
- Set the memory options toggle to memory default.
- Click OptiStruct to launch the OptiStruct job.
View the Results
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Load the brsq.out file in a text editor.
The complex modes contain the imaginary part, which represents the cyclic frequency, and the real part which represents the damping of the mode. If the real part is negative, then the mode is said to be stable. If the real part is positive, then the mode is unstable. The eigenvalues of the complex modes are shown below:
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Load the brsq.h3d file into HyperView to review complex eigenvectors.