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CADFEKO
CADFEKO is used to create and mesh the geometry or model mesh, specify the solution settings and calculation requests in a graphical environment.
Meshing the Geometry / Model Mesh
Mesh Refinement
When an accurate solution of the model requires a fine mesh, the mesh can be refined at specific areas of the model without simply meshing the entire model finer.
Refining the Mesh Adaptively Using AMRFEKO
Refine the mesh adaptively using AMRFEKO.

Welcome
Release Notes
See what's new in the latest release.
Get Started
The Feko Getting Started Guide contains step-by-step instructions on how to get started with Feko.
Examples
The Feko Example Guide contains a collection of examples that teaches you Feko concepts and essentials.
Introduction to Feko
Feko is a comprehensive electromagnetic solver with multiple solution methods that is used for electromagnetic field analyses involving 3D objects of arbitrary shapes.
CADFEKO
CADFEKO is used to create and mesh the geometry or model mesh, specify the solution settings and calculation requests in a graphical environment.
- Introduction to CADFEKO
  Use CADFEKO to configure a solver-ready input file for Solver simulations.
- Quick Tour of the CADFEKO Interface
  View the main elements and terminology in the CADFEKO application window.
- Preferences
  CADFEKO has various default settings that you can configure to customise it to your preference.
- Saving a Model
  Store a CADFEKO model and calculation requests to a .cfx file to reopen later.
- 3D View
  3D views are used to display and interact with the model. You can zoom, rotate and pan around a 3D model using the keyboard, mouse or a combination of both. You can use a 3D mouse, specify a view or select specific parts of a model. Multiple 3D views are supported.
- Model Protection
  Protect a model with a password.
- Model Definitions
  Define the model unit, variables, named points, workplanes and the model extents for the model.
- Constructing Geometry
  Create fully parametric and complex CAD geometry using canonical structures and perform Boolean operations on these.
- Component Library
  The component library contains an extensive list of common components, such as antennas and platforms.
- Groups
  Organise geometry and mesh parts by grouping geometry and mesh in the model tree.
- Repairing Geometry
- Repairing Mesh Parts
  Mesh parts can be manipulated in CADFEKO. Basic mesh editing and fixing capabilities allow triangles to be added, removed and mesh parts to be merged.
- Importing Models into CADFEKO
  Import a CAD (geometry) model or mesh model from a wide range of industry formats into CADFEKO to save time and development costs.
- Exporting Models from CADFEKO
  A CADFEKO model can be exported to a variety of industry standard geometry and mesh formats to be used in other applications.
- Field/Current Data
  Define field or current data using either far field data, near field data, spherical mode data or PCB current data. Use the field/current definition when defining an equivalent source or a receiving antenna.
- Defining Media
  Define a medium with specific material properties, import a predefined medium from the media library or add a medium from your model to the media library.
- Applying Media Settings
  Defined media can be applied to the model in various ways. Some media settings are applied to regions, others on faces and wires. The rules for defining media varies between the different solution methods.
- Periodic Boundary Condition (PBC)
  Use a periodic boundary condition (PBC) to analyse infinite periodic structures. A typical application of PBC is to analyse frequency selective surface (FSS) structures.
- Finite Antenna Arrays
  Create an arbitrary finite antenna array that consists of an array of contributing elements, either with direct feeds for each element or via indirect coupling, and solve with the efficient domain Green's function method (DGFM).
- Windscreen Tools
  Use the windscreen tools to define a curved reference surface constrained by a cloud of points, normals and optional U′V′ parameters. The constrained surface is then used as a reference to create a work surface where windscreen layers and curved parameterised windscreen antenna elements can be created.
- Cables
  Many electromagnetic compatibility and interference problems involve cables that either radiate, are irradiated or cause coupling into other cables, devices or antennas. Use the cable modelling tool and solver to analyse the coupling and radiation.
- Solution Frequency
  For a frequency domain result, the electromagnetic fields and currents are calculated at a single frequency or frequency range. When the finite difference time domain (FDTD) solver is used, the frequency must be specified to convert the native time domain results to the frequency domain.
- Power
  The excitation of an antenna is normally specified as a complex voltage, but it may be useful to specify the total radiated or source power instead. The result is then scaled to yield the desired source power level.
- Ports
  A port is a mathematical representation of where energy can enter (source) or leave a model (sink). Use a port to add sources and discrete loads to a model.
- Sources
  A source is used to excite or illuminate the model and cause current to flow.
- Loads and Non-Radiating Networks
  Complex feed networks can be simplified by including them as a circuit representation using general network blocks.
- Multiple Configurations
  Perform multiple solutions for a single model using multiple configurations. Multiple configurations remove the requirement to create multiple models with different solution requests.
- Requesting Calculations
  Before running the Solver, define the output requests and view in the model tree (Configuration tab).
- Infinite Planes and Half-Spaces
  Use an infinite plane or half-space to model a ground plane efficiently. The number of triangles in the model is reduced as the ground plane is not discretised into triangles.
- Meshing the Geometry / Model Mesh
  - Mesh Overview
    A mesh is a discretised representation of a geometry model or mesh model. The geometry model (or mesh model) is meshed to obtain a simulation mesh which is given as input to the Solver to calculate the requests. The accuracy of the results depends greatly on generating a mesh that is an accurate representation of the model.
  - Auto Meshing
    The automatic mesh algorithm calculates and creates the mesh automatically once the frequency is set or local mesh settings are applied.
  - Mesh Element Types
    CADFEKO supports segments, triangles, tetrahedra and voxels as mesh elements. The type of mesh element used to create a mesh is directly coupled to the solver method.
  - Auto Determine the Mesh Sizes
    A mesh can be created quickly without you having any knowledge of what the ideal mesh size should be for the model. Use the coarse, standard or fine mesh size to determine the correct mesh size for the model that takes into account the frequency, solution method, media properties and curvature of the model.
  - Modifying the Auto-Generated Mesh
    Adjust the auto-generated mesh that is generated when the frequency is set or local mesh settings are applied to the geometry.
  - Preventing Future Mesh Modification
    Lock a part to prevent modification to the simulation mesh (and prevent the part from being edited).
  - Viewing the Mesh Information
    After the geometry or model mesh was meshed, the quality of the mesh part (or model mesh) or simulation mesh can be examined.
  - Mesh Refinement
    When an accurate solution of the model requires a fine mesh, the mesh can be refined at specific areas of the model without simply meshing the entire model finer.
    - Applying Local Mesh Settings to a Part
      Define multiple local mesh settings, each one with a label. Apply the local mesh settings to a root-level geometry or mesh part by referencing its label.
    - Local Mesh Refinement
      A local mesh refinement can be specified on wires / edges, faces and regions to refine the mesh locally.
    - Refining the Mesh Adaptively Using AMRFEKO
      Refine the mesh adaptively using AMRFEKO.
    - Refining the Mesh Adaptively Using Error Estimates
      Error estimates can be used to automatically place mesh refinement rules (point refinement) in the model where the error is estimated to be large. Refining the model in the areas with the largest errors results in a model where the errors are comparable everywhere in the model and produces a model with increased accuracy without an excessive increase in mesh elements.
    - Refining the Mesh Around a Point
      Define a mesh refinement rule around a specified point. Mesh elements in the vicinity of the point are refined. Mesh refinement around a point is used when only a subset of a face, edge or wire needs to be refined.
    - Refining the Mesh Along a Polyline
      Define a mesh refinement rule along a specified polyline. Mesh elements in the vicinity of this polyline are refined. Polyline mesh refinement is often used to refine the mesh under a cable, wire or a transmission line.
    - Refining the Mesh Along an Edge
      Define a mesh refinement rule along a specified edge. Mesh elements in the vicinity of this edge are refined. Edge mesh refinement is used to refine the mesh when only the area close to an edge needs mesh refinement (not the entire face).
  - Mesh Editing
    It is not possible to edit a simulation mesh directly, but you can unlink the simulation mesh and edit the mesh part as though it is an imported mesh. A mesh part can also be replaced with a different mesh.
  - Batch Meshing
    A stand-alone batch meshing tool can be called from the command line to mesh a model and modify variable values in a CADFEKO model file, without launching the CADFEKO GUI.
- Domain Connectivity
  Domain connectivity approach allows meshes of specific parts to be treated as if connected during MoM and MoM/MLFMM solutions in places where the borders of the meshes are close together, even if the mesh vertices on those borders are not coincident.
- Working with CADFEKO Models in EDITFEKO
  A CADFEKO.cfm file can be imported into EDITFEKO to make use of more advanced features available in EDITFEKO and to directly edit the .pre file for more flexible solution configurations.
- Validating the CADFEKO Model
  During the design process, the development of a model can introduce a range of issues that can lead to a non-simulation-ready model. Use the validation toolset to verify that the model is simulation-ready or to search, detect and flag discrepancies.
- Solver Settings
  The default solver used in Feko is the method of moments (MoM) - surface equivalence principle (SEP). A solver is specified per model, per face or per region, and depends on the solver in question.
- Component Launch Options
  Specify the command-line parameters for the Feko components.
- Tools
  CADFEKO has a collection of tools that allows you to quickly validate the model, for example, perform calculations using a calculator, measure distances, measure angles and export images.
- Model Tree Icons
  View the list of icons that may be found in the model tree.
- Details Tree Icons
  View the list of icons that may be found in the details tree.
- Math Functions in CADFEKO
  View the list of supported math functions.
- Files Generated by CADFEKO
  View the files associated and generated by CADFEKO.
- Default Shortcut Keys
  View the default shortcut keys available for CADFEKO for faster and easier operation of CADFEKO.
POSTFEKO
POSTFEKO, the Feko post processor, is used to display the model (configuration and mesh), results on graphs and 3D views.
EDITFEKO
EDITFEKO is used to construct advanced models (both the geometry and solution requirements) using a high-level scripting language which includes loops and conditional statements.
Feko Solution Methods
One of the key features in Feko is that it includes a broad set of unique and hybridised solution methods. Effective use of Feko features requires an understanding of the available methods.
Optimisation in Feko
Feko offers state-of-the-art optimisation engines based on generic algorithm (GA) and other methods, which can be used to automatically optimise the design and determine the optimum solution.
Feko Utilities
The Feko utilities consist of PREFEKO, OPTFEKO, ADAPTFEKO, the Launcher utility, Updater and the crash reporter.
Description of the Output File of Feko
Feko writes all the results to an ASCII output file .out as well as a binary output file .bof for usage by POSTFEKO. Use the .out file to obtain additional information about the solution.
Feko Application Macros
A large collection of application macros are available for CADFEKO and POSTFEKO.
Scripts and Application Programming Interface (API)
CADFEKO and POSTFEKO have a powerful, fast, lightweight scripting language integrated into the application allowing you to create models, get hold of simulation results and model configuration information as well as manipulation of data and automate repetitive tasks.
Appendix
Reference information is provided in the appendix.

Refining the Mesh Adaptively Using AMRFEKO

Refine the mesh adaptively using AMRFEKO.

Note: Specify the AMRFEKO settings on the Component Launch Options dialog.

Open and save a model whose mesh will be refined adaptively.
On the Solve/Run tab, in the Run/Launch group, click the AMRFEKO icon.

Figure 1. An example of a slot antenna whose mesh was refined using AMRFEKO.

For each adaptive mesh refinement iteration, the Solver is run. After the final adaptive mesh refinement is reached, the refined model is saved. If a .cfx file was provided, the refined model is saved as <model>_refined.cfx.

AMRFEKO can also be run on an EDITFEKO model (.pre file) or a .fek file. When there is no .cfx file present, the refined model is saved as <model>_fek_refined.fek.