Driveline

The driveline transmits the power from the power source to the driving wheel.

In the case of Two Wheelers, the power source is the Engine/Motor and the driving wheel is typically the rear wheel, though there are exceptions where the front wheel could be the driving wheel. In the Two-wheeler library, the default is the rear wheel driven system.

The power is transmitted by either a Chain or a Belt that connects the gear box output shaft and the rear wheel. In the library, this mechanism is modeled using a combination of Forces, Joints, Markers and SolverVariables.

The following image shows the schematic representation of the power transmission:
Figure 1.


The Drive sprocket is drawing the power from the gear box output shaft. This power (or the resulting motion) is in turn driving the Driven sprocket which is fixed to the rear wheel. The red sold arrows indicate the rotational motion of the sprocket and the linear motion of the chain.

This driveline, in addition to transmitting rotational motion between sprockets, results in the following forces on the Driven sprocket/Rear wheel:
  1. FT: Tension or pulling force.
  2. FJ: Jacking or vertical force due to the chain being pulled on the tighter side by the Drive sprocket.

If the sprockets are not in the same plane, a lateral force also acts between them. In the Two-Wheeler library, this force is not modeled.

Modeling the Driveline Forces

Figure 2.


Note: The driveline force and the associated elements need to be modeled exactly as specified. The most important aspect of modeling this is the Marker positions and orientations.
Vector
Driven Sprocket Spin Axis: A vector that defines the rear wheel spin/Driven sprocket spin axis.
Bodies
Chain solution dummy: A dummy body that is constrained such that it remains at the rear wheel center and orients such that the line of sight is maintained between Drive and Driven sprockets.
Markers
Two Markers are needed:
  1. Chain Force Marker: Marker on Chain solution dummy @ Driven/Rear sprocket center with
    • X axis pointing towards the front sprocket center
    • Z axis pointing along the rear wheel/sprocket spin axis
  2. Drive Sprocket Center: Marker on Engine/Drive sprocket @ Drive/Front sprocket center with
    • X axis pointing towards the rear sprocket center
    • Z axis pointing along the gear box output shaft spin axis
Joints
The following Joints model the chain alignment:
  1. Chain dummy to driven sprocket: Ball joint between Chain solution dummy and rear wheel
  2. Drive sprocket to chain dummy: Inline joint between Engine/Driver sprocket and Chain solution dummy – pointing towards Driven/Rear sprocket center
  3. Chain Plane Y to Driven Sprocket: Inplane joint between Chain solution dummy and rear wheel – with the Normal along the Driven sprocket spin axis
These three joints constrain the Chain Force Marker (on Chain solution dummy) such that:
  • The X axis is pointing towards the Drive sprocket center
  • The Z axis is pointing along the rear wheel spin axis
Force
The chain force element is created using the Chain Force Marker as reference. The force acts between Rear Wheel and Engine/Drive sprocket. The component forces are:
  • Fx: acting along the line joining the sprockets - Chain tension resulting from the engine torque (FT)
  • Fy: acting along the Normal to Fx– Jacking force resulting from the engine torque (FJ)
  • Tz: acting about the spin direction – Engine torque scaled by the ratio of the sprocket sizes.