JointLoad Method

This method is tailored to run on designpoints of configuration Rivet. While generating a Rivet, the expectation is to have a collection of Pierced_shell-1D- Pierced_shell... that represent the fastener (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Review extraction areas per plate

Fastener Forces

There are direct extractions of all 1D element forces Fx, Fy, Fz and bearing loads at the node interface between two 1D elements in case of multiple lap joints.

It should be noticed at this stage the difference between the fastener bearing load and the fastener shear load (Figure 2). For external plates, the shear and bearing load are equivalent because there is only one interface. For middle plates, the maximum absolute interface load is taken as the fastener shear load.

Figure 2. Bearing force

If Elemental is selected, the pierced shell elemental X axis defines the local X axis.

If User system is selected, then the local X axis of the selected system is projected to the pierced shell to define the local X axis. If that projection fails (because X is colinear to shell normal) then elemental X is used instead.

The steps used to define Y,Z remain identical for all options.

The JointLoad method provides an input Material Angle (Figure 3) which allows you to rotate the system by a given angle around the shell normal. Shear force components of 1D elements are projected in that system.

It is worth noting that the material system used by the method is coming from the model in the current session, no matter which system was set in the Analysis run. Changing the MCID of a pierced shell in session will consider that system locally if extraction option is resolved in “Material”.

Whenever there is a lap joint, the contribution of 1D elements from both sides are properly summed.

Regarding the extraction of tension force, the pull-through force is rearranged by considering 1D direct element axial force (Fx) without projection. Output is reversed only if it is the output of 1D’s second node; otherwise the axial force is used directly

The method outputs a value called MaxFz (max tension in fastener). This is the max value among calculated Fz, where 0 is returned if the bolt is in compression.

Figure 3. Extraction options

Shell Forces

Each fastener has a structural property assigned from which you can define a diameter. To calculate the box length from the fastener diameter and method level scale factors, the below formula is used:

Box length=0.4*AreaScale*FastenerDiameter*Material_Diameterscale

Figure 4.

The length to width ratio applies on nominal Box length from the above formula and allows for a rectangular shape if the ratio is not 1.0.

The extraction box is aligned with a pierced shell's material system as described above; hence, the parameter Material Angle allows you to rotate the box from the X axis, calculated as per the Resolved-In option. The parameter Point per edges samples points per edge.

A field of shell forces/moments Nxx, Nyy, Nxy, Mx, My, Mxy is performed after averaging values from elements on nodes (considering corner data if available in the result file). A field query is performed in the material coordinate system on box edges on sampled points per edge. The number of integration points (points per edge) default to 3 but can be changed.

Force fluxes (resp. Moment fluxes) are evaluated per edge as an average of values on edge points (interpolated from the field at each point location). ByPass and Total fluxes are evaluated using the following equations:

Figure 5.

Extraction is done per pierced shell of a Rivet designpoint.

The tool also supports moment sign convention and correction in case of offsets (Figure 6 & Figure 7).

It extracts plate moments at the midplane. Nastran/OptiStruct element force results are given at the element reference plane and the reference plane coincides with the midplane even if element offsets (ZOFFS) are used. However, PCOMP Z0 != -t/2, this is no longer the case and moments must be corrected from the reference plane back to the midplane (Figure 7). This correction is done by the tool prior to producing the output. To consider moment correction if extraction is not performed at the middle surface, the following method is followed:

Figure 6. Moment sign convention

Figure 7. Moment correction

DLS Ratio

The method has a flag to evaluate DLS ratio (“true” by default) as seen in Figure 3. The DLS ratio is evaluated by the following procedure over each plate in the assembly:

Figure 8. DLS ratio

For a given plate, a ratio of the contribution of the Shear force over Bearing force from top/bottom elements is evaluated and the lowest is kept (Figure 8).

Output Data and Format

Parameter Extraction (Figure 3) drives the output data written.

Another parameter – Result – drives how results are saved.

Prerequisites

JointLoad supports Nastran result formats as well as OptiStruct native *.h3d as result files.