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ProMan
The ProMan component includes wave propagation models for different scenarios and network planning simulators for various air interfaces.
Propagation Projects
Selection of Scenarios
Different wave propagation models (computational methods) exist to simulate the propagation environment. These models are necessary to determine propagation characteristics for any arbitrary configuration.
Rural and Suburban
Propagation Models
Deterministic Two Ray Model
The deterministic two-ray (DTR) model computes the direct ray and the ground reflected ray with ray optical algorithms.

Welcome
Release Notes
See what's new in the latest release.
Get Started
The WinProp Getting Started Guide contains step-by-step instructions on how to get started with WinProp.
Examples
The Altair installation directory contains a collection of examples that shows you WinProp concepts and essentials.
Introduction to WinProp
WinProp is a complete suite of tools in the domain of wireless propagation and radio network planning. With applications ranging from satellite to terrestrial, from rural via urban to indoor radio links, WinProp’s innovative wave propagation models combine accuracy with short computation time.
Typical Workflow in WinProp
View the typical workflows when working with propagation simulations in specific scenarios, how to add a network planning to a propagation simulation, include a receiver pattern, set up a time-variant scenario, include multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) at both the base station and the mobile station, connectivity analysis of sensor networks and optimization.
WallMan
The WallMan component offers a convenient facility to generate and edit vector building databases.
TuMan
The TuMan tool enables you to generate and modify tunnel scenarios.
AMan
Use AMan to generate, edit and analyze a single antenna. Superimpose multiple antennas radiating similar signals to determine the actual antenna pattern while taking into consideration the local environment.
ProMan
The ProMan component includes wave propagation models for different scenarios and network planning simulators for various air interfaces.
- Introduction to Propagation Manager (ProMan)
  Predict path loss between transmitter and receiver with ProMan. Perform network planning including the wireless standards (the air interfaces) and including multiple transmitters/receivers (multiple base stations).
- Propagation Projects
  - Set Up a New Project
    Learn how to set up a new project.
  - Selection of Scenarios
    Different wave propagation models (computational methods) exist to simulate the propagation environment. These models are necessary to determine propagation characteristics for any arbitrary configuration.
    - Rural and Suburban
      - Propagation Models
        Okumura-Hata Propagation Model
        The Okumura-Hata propagation model is a simple empirical model with short computation time.
        Extended Hata Model
        The Okumura-Hata model was extended to the frequency bands from 30 MHz to 3000 MHz¹. This combination is denoted as the Extended Hata model.
        Empirical Two-Ray Model
        The empirical two-ray model (ETR) model computes the path loss to each pixel based on the assumption that the direct ray and the ground-reflected ray would exist.
        ITU P.1546 Model
        This model is used for point-to-area radio propagation predictions for terrestrial services in the frequency range 30 MHz to 3 000 MHz.
        Deterministic Two Ray Model
        The deterministic two-ray (DTR) model computes the direct ray and the ground reflected ray with ray optical algorithms.
        Longley-Rice Model
        The Longley-Rice (or irregular terrain) model predicts long-term median transmission loss over irregular terrain relative to free-space transmission loss.
        Parabolic Equation (PE) Model
        The parabolic equations model employs numerical evaluation of the parabolic equation (PE) to compute the field strength in a macro-cellular area based on terrain data.
        Knife Edge Model
        This model takes the effect of the actual environment into account by using 3D vector building data (plus terrain profile).
        Rural Dominant Path Model
        The Dominant Path Model uses a full 3D approach for the path searching, which leads to realistic and accurate results.
        Rural Ray Tracing Model
        The rural ray-tracing model is a (deterministic) multipath propagation model, considering phenomena like multiple reflections and wave guiding effects in canyons is required to obtain accurate predictions of the signal level and the spatial channel impulse response.
        Summary of Wave Propagation Models for Rural/Suburban Scenarios
        A summary of the rural/suburban wave propagation models in tabular format.
      - Working with Rural Projects (Pixel Databases)
        Propagation of electromagnetic waves in areas with a low density of buildings depends mainly on the topography and the land usage (clutter). The vector data of the buildings must not be considered in such scenarios.
      - Working with Rural Projects (Vector Databases)
    - Urban
    - Indoor
      The phenomena which influence radio wave propagation can generally be described by four basic mechanisms: Reflection, diffraction, penetration and scattering. For the practical usage of propagation models in real scenarios these mechanisms must be described by approximations.
    - Time-Variant
  - Calibration of Models
    WinProp allows the automatic calibration of nearly all available propagation models based on measurement data.
  - Inclusion of the Receiving Antenna
    Specify the receiver antenna pattern for a mobile station.
- Network and Base Station Planning Projects
- MIMO Analysis Through Post-Processing
- Results
- Addenda
- Parallel Processing
  Use parallel MPI processes to solve a problem efficiently using the standard ray tracing model (SRT).
- Default Shortcut Keys
  View the default shortcut keys available for ProMan for faster and easier operation.
Methods
WinProp includes empirical and semi-empirical models (calibration with measurements possible), rigorous 3D ray-tracing models as well as the unique dominant path model (DPM).
Main Applications
In WinProp various air interfaces and applications are pre-defined: broadcasting, cellular, wireless access, WiFi, sensor networks, ICNIRP and EM compliance.
WinProp Utilities
The WinProp utilities consist of the Launcher utility and the Updater.
Appendix
Reference information is provided in the appendix.

Deterministic Two Ray Model

The deterministic two-ray (DTR) model computes the direct ray and the ground reflected ray with ray optical algorithms.

If the rays are shadowed by obstacles, they are not considered. This is the difference to the empirical two ray model (ETR) which considers both rays independent of their existence (that is if they are shadowed or not).

Click Project > Edit Project Parameter and click the Computation tab.

Figure 1. Example of the power obtained with the deterministic two ray (DTR) model in a hilly scenario.

As explained above, received power is only predicted for pixels which can be reached by the direct ray and the ground reflected ray. All pixels in areas without LOS to the transmitter are not predicted. To get a prediction also for these pixels, the DTR must be combined with the knife edge diffraction model to include the diffractions at the topographical obstacles.

For the specular reflection the incident angle of the ray and the reflected angle must be identical. The material properties of the ground can be defined and the reflection loss is computed depending on the angle of incidence and the material properties.

Settings

Figure 2. The Parameters of Ray Optical Prediction dialog.

The following types of rays can be computed:

direct ray
reflected ray with the following settings:
- tolerance for specular reflections
- default ground properties with electrical properties
- ground properties as defined in clutter / morpho table