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Examples
The Feko Example Guide contains a collection of examples that teaches you Feko concepts and essentials.
User Interface Tools
Simple examples demonstrating using Feko application automation, matching circuit generation with Optenni Lab and optimising a bandpass filter with HyperStudy.
Introduction to Application Automation
Use application automation to perform operations with CADFEKO and POSTFEKO. Typical tasks include repetitive tasks, tasks that require several steps, or calculations.
Example: Patch Antenna on a Planar Multilayer Substrate
Learn to navigate the API documentation to create a patch antenna using an automation script.
Defining a Dielectric
Define the first dielectric with = 1.5 with label Substrate1.

Welcome
Release Notes
See what's new in the latest release.
Get Started
The Feko Getting Started Guide contains step-by-step instructions on how to get started with Feko.
Examples
The Feko Example Guide contains a collection of examples that teaches you Feko concepts and essentials.
- Example Summary
  View a summary of the examples in the Feko Example Guide.
- Antenna Synthesis and Analysis
  Simple examples demonstrating antenna synthesis and analysis.
- Antenna Placement
  Simple examples demonstrating antenna placement.
- Radar Cross Section (RCS)
  Simple examples demonstrating radar cross section (RCS) calculations of objects.
- EMC Analysis and Cable Coupling
  Simple examples demonstrating electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis and cable coupling.
- Waveguide and Microwave Circuits
  Simple examples demonstrating using waveguides and microwave circuits.
- Bio Electromagnetics
  Simple examples demonstrating phantom and tissue exposure analsysis.
- Time Domain
  A simple example demonstrating the time analysis of an incident plane wave on an obstacle.
- Special Solution Methods
  Simple examples demonstrating using continuous frequency range, using the MLFMM for large models, using the LE-PO (large element physical optics) on subparts of the model and optimising the waveguide pin feed location.
- User Interface Tools
  Simple examples demonstrating using Feko application automation, matching circuit generation with Optenni Lab and optimising a bandpass filter with HyperStudy.
  - Introduction to Application Automation
    Use application automation to perform operations with CADFEKO and POSTFEKO. Typical tasks include repetitive tasks, tasks that require several steps, or calculations.
    - Automation Terminology
      Learn the terminology of automation to create an automation script.
    - Navigate the API Documentation
      Learn to navigate the API documentation to find the correct syntax for an automation script.
    - Example: Patch Antenna on a Planar Multilayer Substrate
      Learn to navigate the API documentation to create a patch antenna using an automation script.
      - Creating a New Project
        Define a new CADFEKO project.
      - Defining a Point
        Define a point at (-0.25, -0.25, 0) that will be used as the base corner of a patch (rectangle).
      - Creating a Patch (Rectangle)
        Create a rectangle with base corner (myBaseCorner), width = 0.5, depth = 0.5 and label Patch.
      - Defining a Dielectric
        Define the first dielectric with = 1.5 with label Substrate1.
      - Defining a Dielectric Using the Properties Method
        Define the second dielectric with = 2.5, = 1e-2 and with label Substrate2.
      - Creating a Planar Multilayer Substrate
        Create a planar multilayer substrate using the properties method that contains two layers. Layer 1 is set to substrate2 and Layer2 is set to substrate1. The second layer has a PEC ground plane.
      - Creating the Feed Line
        Create a feed line with start point (0, 0, 0) , end point (0, 0, -0.551) and label Feedline.
      - Unioning the Model
        Union all geometry in the model (Feedline and Patch) and set its label to Union1.
      - Creating the Wire Port
        Define a wire port at the end of Feedline with label Port1.
      - Creating a Voltage Source
        Add a global voltage source to Port1 for the default configuration, StandardConfiguration1.
      - Setting the Frequency
        Specify a single global frequency as 300 MHz.
      - Specifying the Wire Segment Radius
        Specify the wire segment radius as 0.001 m.
      - Meshing the Model
        Create a mesh.
      - Defining a Far Field Request
        Create a far field request (0°≤θ≤90°, with 0°≤ϕ≤360°). Sample the far field at θ=5° and ϕ=5° steps. The far field request is added to the default configuration, StandardConfiguration1.
      - Defining a Current Request
        Create a currents request. The currents request is added for the default configuration, StandardConfiguration1.
      - Saving the Project
        Save the project to a .cfx file.
      - Enabling the Parallel Solver
        Activate the parallel solver and specify the number of parallel processes as four.
      - Running the Solver
        Launch the Solver.
    - Example: Post-Processing the Results
      Post-process the results of a patch antenna on a multilayer substrate.
  - Automatic Report Generation Using API
    Increase productivity when dealing with predictable and repeatable POSTFEKO sessions (for example, exporting a report) using application automation. Use an automation script to configure a session and export a report that highlights the antenna properties of the model.
  - Using Altair HyperStudy with Feko to Optimise a Bandpass Filter
    Design a bandpass coupled line filter with Altair HyperStudy as optimisation engine and Feko as the computational solver.
Introduction to Feko
Feko is a comprehensive electromagnetic solver with multiple solution methods that is used for electromagnetic field analyses involving 3D objects of arbitrary shapes.
CADFEKO
CADFEKO is used to create and mesh the geometry or model mesh, specify the solution settings and calculation requests in a graphical environment.
POSTFEKO
POSTFEKO, the Feko post processor, is used to display the model (configuration and mesh), results on graphs and 3D views.
EDITFEKO
EDITFEKO is used to construct advanced models (both the geometry and solution requirements) using a high-level scripting language which includes loops and conditional statements.
Feko Solution Methods
One of the key features in Feko is that it includes a broad set of unique and hybridised solution methods. Effective use of Feko features requires an understanding of the available methods.
Optimisation in Feko
Feko offers state-of-the-art optimisation engines based on generic algorithm (GA) and other methods, which can be used to automatically optimise the design and determine the optimum solution.
Feko Utilities
The Feko utilities consist of PREFEKO, OPTFEKO, ADAPTFEKO, the Launcher utility, Updater and the crash reporter.
Description of the Output File of Feko
Feko writes all the results to an ASCII output file .out as well as a binary output file .bof for usage by POSTFEKO. Use the .out file to obtain additional information about the solution.
Feko Application Macros
A large collection of application macros are available for CADFEKO and POSTFEKO.
Scripts and Application Programming Interface (API)
CADFEKO and POSTFEKO have a powerful, fast, lightweight scripting language integrated into the application allowing you to create models, get hold of simulation results and model configuration information as well as manipulation of data and automate repetitive tasks.
Appendix
Reference information is provided in the appendix.

Defining a Dielectric

Define the first dielectric with $ε_{r}$ = 1.5 with label Substrate1.

myDiel1 = myProject.Definitions.Media.Dielectric:AddDielectric(1.5, 0, 1000)
myDiel1.Label = "Substrate1"

Figure 1. A dielectric with $ε_{r}$ = 1.5 and label Substrate.

A dielectric is an object and since there may be multiple objects in the model, it is part of the DielectricCollection.
Search for DielectricCollection in the Help¹.
In DielectricCollection, under Method List, search for methods that are applicable to dielectrics:
- AddDielectric (properties table)
- AddDielectric (relativepermittivity Expression, losstangent Expression, massdensity Expression)
- AddDielectric ()
To create the first dielectric, we will use the method:
```
AddDielectric(relativepermittivity Expression, losstangent Expression, massdensity Expression)
```
Fill in the values for the dielectric
```
AddDielectric(1.5, 0, 1000)
```
Determine the syntax to prepend to AddDielectric:
1. Since AddDielectric is a method, it is indicated by prepending a : (colon).
```
:AddDielectric(1.5, 0, 1000)
```
2. In the Help, under DielectricCollection > Usage locations, note the following:
```
Media object has collection Dielectric²
```
  Since we know that Media is the not one of the top levels in the model tree, click Media.
  
  In the Help, under Media > Usage locations , note the following:
```
ModelDefinitions object has property Media.
```
3. Click ModelDefinitions.
4. In the Help, under ModelDefinitions > Usage locations, note the following:
```
Model object has property Definitions.
```
  Since we know that Model is the one of the top levels in the model tree, the result is then:
```
Definitions.Media.Dielectric:AddDielectric(1.5, 0, 1000)
```
5. Since the project is the highest level, we prepend our reference to the project:
```
myProject.Definitions.Media.Dielectric:AddDielectric(1.5, 0, 1000)
```

Add a handle to the dielectric:

myDiel1 = myProject.Definitions.Media.Dielectric:AddDielectric(1.5, 0, 1000)

Set the dielectric label to Substrate1:
```
myDiel1.Label = "Substrate1"
```
Tip: View the Dielectric (object) in the Help for a short example.

¹ The API is available in the Feko Scripting and API Reference Guide (PDF) or Feko WebHelp.

² The part that is prepended to the method, maps to the CADFEKO model tree structure.