Summary of Wave Propagation Models for Urban Scenarios
A summary of the urban wave propagation models in tabular format.
Model |
Urban 3D Dominant Path (DPM) |
Urban 3D Intelligent Ray Tracing (IRT) |
ITU-R P.1411 |
COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami |
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Type | Semi-deterministic | Deterministic | Empirical | Empirical |
Valid for |
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Accuracy | High accuracy | High accuracy | Good accuracy |
Good accuracy when transmitters are above medium rooftop level. Reduced accuracy when transmitters are below medium rooftop level. |
Computation Time | Short | Typically minutes after preprocessing for IRT | Very short | Very short |
Preprocessing of Database |
Not required | Yes | Not required | Not required |
Problem Type & Size |
Radio coverage simulation for very large urban areas | Radio channel incl. multipath and radio coverage simulation for large urban areas | Radio coverage simulation for urban areas < 1 km distance | Radio coverage simulation for urban areas < 5 km distance |
Considers |
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Depending on the sub-model, it considers:
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Limitations | Model does not compute the complete channel impulse response | Requires post-processing with knife-edge diffraction model for hilly terrain | Hilly areas are not considered |
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