Forces and Moments Calculation
Integration Points Throughout the Thickness
The integration is performed using n equally spaced integration points throughout the thickness. The method used assumes a linear variation of stresses between integrations points:
Coefficients | w1 | w2 | w3 |
---|---|---|---|
Radioss | 0.250 | 0.500 | 0.250 |
Simpson | 0.166 | 0.666 | 0.166 |
Coefficients | w1 | w2 | w3 |
---|---|---|---|
Radioss | -0.083 | 0. | 0.083 |
Simpson | -0.083 | 0. | 0.083 |
Number of Points | Position | Weight |
---|---|---|
1 | ±0.0000 | 2.0000 |
2 | ±0.5774 | 1.0000 |
3 | 0.0000 ±0.7746 |
0.8889 0.5556 |
4 | ±0.8611 ±0.3400 |
0.6521 0.3479 |
5 | ±0.9062 ±0.5385 0.0000 |
0.2369 0.4786 0.5689 |
6 | ±0.9325 ±0.6612 ±0.2386 |
0.1713 0.3608 0.4679 |
7 | ±0.9491 ±0.7415 ±0.4058 0.0000 |
0.1295 0.2797 0.3818 0.4180 |
8 | ±0.9603 ±0.7967 ±0.5255 ±0.1834 |
0.1012 0.2224 0.3137 0.3627 |
9 | ±0.9681 ±0.8360 ±0.6134 ±0.3243 0.0000 |
0.0813 0.1806 0.2606 0.3123 0.3302 |
10 | ±0.9739 ±0.8650 ±0.6794 ±0.4334 ±0.1489 |
0.0667 0.1495 0.2191 0.2693 0.2955 |
Number of Points | Position | Weight for Membrane wN |
Weight for Bending wM |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.0000 |
2 | ±0.5000 | 0.5000 | ±0.0833 |
3 | ±0.5000 0.0000 |
0.2500 0.5000 |
±0.0833 0.0000 |
4 | ±0.5000 ±0.1667 |
0.1667 0.3333 |
±0.0648 ±0.0556 |
5 | ±0.5000 ±0.2500 0.0000 |
0.1250 0.2500 0.2500 |
±0.0521 ±0.0625 0.0000 |
6 | ±0.5000 ±0.3000 ±0.1000 |
0.1000 0.2000 0.2000 |
±0.0433 ±0.0600 ±0.0200 |
7 | ±0.500 ±0.3333 ±0.1667 0.0000 |
0.0833 0.1667 0.1667 0.1667 |
±0.0370 ±0.0556 ±0.0278 0.0000 |
8 | ±0.5000 ±0.3750 ±0.2500 ±0.1250 |
0.0714 0.1429 0.1429 0.1429 |
±0.0323 ±0.0510 ±0.0306 ±0.0102 |
9 | ±0.5000 ±0.3750 ±0.2500 ±0.1250 0.0000 |
0.0625 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 |
±0.086 ±0.0469 ±0.0313 ±0.0156 0.0000 |
10 | ±0.5000 ±0.3889 ±0.2778 ±0.1667 ±0.0555 |
0.0556 0.1111 0.1111 0.1111 0.1111 |
±0.0257 ±0.0432 ±0.0309 ±0.0185 ±0.0062 |
For shell elements, integration points through the thickness are almost Lobatto points.
Global Plasticity Algorithm
In the case of global plasticity, the forces and moments are computed directly. The algorithm is activated by specifying the number of integration points through the thickness as zero. The first step is an obvious elastic calculation:
The yield criterion used is the uncoupled Iliouchine 1 form:
with
An extension of Iliouchine criterion for isotropic hardening is developed here. The yield surface can be expressed as:
with
and
Where, and are scalar material characteristic constants, function of plastic deformation. They can be identified by the material hardening law in pure traction and pure bending.
In pure traction:
In pure bending:
If no hardening law in pure bending is used, is simply computed by varying between 1.0 and 1.5.
The plasticity flow is written using the normality law:
The equivalent plastic deformation is proportional to the plastic work. Its expression is the same as in the case of traction:
This leads to:
Where, is the plastic module. The derivative of function in Equation 7 is discontinuous when =0. This can be treated when small steps are used by putting s=0 as explained in 2.
Then the derivative of with respect to ( ) is carried out. The derived equation is nonlinear in internal efforts and is resolved by Newton-Raphson:
Where, is the elastic stiffness matrix and:
Plasticity, Edition Eyrolles Paris, 1956.
Nonlinear finite element analysis of solids and structures, J. Wiley, Vol. 2, 1997.