BATTERY_THERMAL_RUNAWAY_MODEL
Specifies a thermal runaway model and its parameters.
Type
AcuSolve Command
Syntax
BATTERY_THERMAL_RUNAWAY_MODEL("name") {parameters...}
Parameters
- type (enumerated) [NREL_abuse_model]
- Type of thermal runaway model.
- arc_reaction_model
- Fitting of Arrhenius kinetic equations to ARC experimental data.
- heat_rate
- Direct reading of dT/dt. Can be from ARC or other sources.
- NREL_abuse_model
-
Arrhenius kinetic models for heat release of different cell components based on the NREL thermal runaway model.
- equation_type (enumerated) [four_equation]
- Type of thermal runaway model.
- four_equation
- Four equation thermal runaway heat generation model from Hatchard.
- five_equation
- Hatchard thermal runaway heat generation model (four_equation) with additional heat generation due to electrolyte decomposition.
- arc_type (enumerated) [multi_stage_fit]
- ARC data fit model.
- multi_stage_fit
- Parameters for the multi-stage fit of the ARC data.
- formulation_type (enumerated) [lumped]
- Method used for thermal runaway.
- nodal
- Thermal runaway heat contribution is calculated at each node in a battery cell.
- lumped
- Thermal runaway heat contribution is modeled as a lumped parameter for a battery cell.
- maximum
- Thermal runaway heat contribution is modeled based on the maximum temperature in a battery cell.
- ecm_model (enumerated) [yes]
- Turn on ecm model for thermal runaway.
- yes
- Model thermal runaway heat generation with an ECM model included for the batteries operating under normal conditions.
- no
- Model only thermal runaway heat generation.
- internal_short_circuit (enumerated) [off]
- Add internal short circuit equation to thermal runaway model.
- off
- Internal short circuit equation is disabled.
- on
- Internal short circuit equation is enabled.
- internal_short_circuit_model (enumerated) [simple]
- Choose different equation to model internal short circuit.
- simple
- Simpler model does not include consumption of anode and cathode material, from Coman 2017.
- internal_short_circuit_temperature (real) [=438.15]
- Temperature at which internal short circuit occurs.
- sub_iteration_initial_time_step_size (real) [=1000]
- Initial time step for sub-stepping the reaction kinetic equation.
- sub_iteration_minimum_time_step_size (real) [=1e-4]
- Minimum time step for sub-stepping the reaction kinetic equations.
- sub_iteration_time_step_size_tolerance (real) [=1e-3]
- Sensitivity of the change in sub-step time step size to changes in the solution. For example, a small tolerance value will lead to smaller thermal runaway ODE sub-stepping time step sizes.
- sub_iteration_time_step_size_factor (real) [=0.1]
- Factor to time with tolerance and minimum time step size for SOC equation.
- anode_decomposition_frequency_factor (real) [=2.5e13]
- Pre-exponential (frequency) factor for the anode decomposition reaction rate.
- sei_decomposition_frequency_factor (real) [=1.67e15]
- Pre-exponential (frequency) factor for the sei (solid electrolyte interphase) decomposition reaction rate.
- cathode_decomposition_frequency_factor (real) [=6.67e11]
- Pre-exponential (frequency) factor for the cathode decomposition reaction rate.
- electrochemical_reactions_frequency_factor (real) [=3.37e12]
- Pre-exponential (frequency) factor for the electrochemical reaction rate.
- electrolyte_decomposition_frequency_factor (real) [=5.14e25]
- Pre-exponential (frequency) factor for the electrolyte decomposition reaction rate.
- anode_decomposition_activation_energy (real) [=2.24e-19]
- Minimum energy needed for the anode decomposition reaction to occur.
- sei_decomposition_activation_energy (real) [=2.24e-19]
- Minimum energy needed for the sei decomposition reaction to occur.
- cathode_decomposition_activation_energy (real) [=2.03e-19]
- Minimum energy needed for the cathode decomposition reaction to occur.
- electrochemical_reactions_activation_energy (real) [=1.58e-19]
- Minimum energy needed for the electrochemical (short circuit) reaction to occur.
- electrolyte_decomposition_activation_energy (real) [=4.544e-19]
- Minimum energy needed for the electrolyte decomposition reaction to occur.
- mass_type (real) [=specific]
- Specify total or specific mass (mass/volume) of the jellyroll.
- specific
- Specific mass (Kg/m^3).
- total
- Total mass (Kg).
- anode_mass (real) [=0.006]
- Mass of the anode material in battery core.
- cathode_mass (real) [=0.012]
- Mass of the cathode material in battery core.
- sei_mass (real) [=0.006]
- Mass of the sei in battery core.
- electrolyte_mass (real) [=0.004]
- Mass of the electrolyte in battery core.
- anode_decomposition_reaction_enthalpy (real) [=1.714E6]
- Specific enthalpy for the anode decomposition reaction.
- cathode_decomposition_reaction_enthalpy (real) [=3.14E5]
- Specific enthalpy for the cathode decomposition reaction.
- sei_decomposition_reaction_enthalpy (real) [=2.57E5]
- Specific enthalpy for the sei decomposition reaction.
- electrochemical_reaction_enthalpy_type (enumerated) [=value]
-
- value
- Input enthalpy value directly.
- calculate
- Calculate enthalpy value based on ECM output voltage or maximum cell voltage (if ECM is off).
- electrochemical_reaction_enthalpy (real) [=4.989E6]
- Enthalpy of the short circuit derived from joule heating.
- electrolyte_decomposition_reaction_enthalpy (real) [=1.55E5]
- Specific enthalpy for the electrolyte decomposition reaction.
- initial_anode_lithium_fraction (real) [=0.75]
- Fractional amount of lithium intercalated in the anode.
- initial_sei_lithium_fraction (real) [=0.15]
- Fraction of lithium-containing species in the solid electrolyte interphase.
- initial_sei_thickness (real) [=0.033]
- Thickness of the solid electrolyte interphase.
- initial_degree_of_cathode_conversion (real) [=0.04]
- Initial degree of conversion of cathode material for cathode decomposition.
- initial_electrolyte_fraction (real) [=1.0]
- Initial electrolyte fraction.
- heat_rate_type (enumerated) [=none]
- Type ARC experimental data fitting.
- none
- No ARC data specified.
- piecewise_linear or linear
- Piecewise linear curve fit of ARC experimental data.
- cubic_spline or spline
- Cubic spline curve fit of ARC experimental data.
- heat_rate_curve_fit_values (array) [={0,0}]
- A two-column array of heat rate (dT/dt) data values. The independent variable must be temperature. Used with piecewise_linear and cubic_spline types.
- heat_rate_curve_fit_variable (enumerated) [=temperature]
- Independent variable of the curve fit of ARC experimental data. Used with
piecewise_linear and cubic_spline
types.
- temperature
- temperature
- heat_rate_max_temperature (real) [=700]
- Maximum cell temperature recorded during the ARC experiment.
- heat_rate_trigger_temperature (real) [=500]
- Trigger temperature for thermal runaway recorded during the ARC experiment. At or above this temperature the ARC data is sub-stepped in time for improved accuracy.
- heat_rate_onset_temperature (real) [=373.15]
- Thermal runaway self-heating onset temperature recorded during the ARC experiment. At or above this temperature the ARC data model is enabled.
- parameter_fit_type (arrhenius) [=none]
- Type of Arrhenius kinetic parameter fitting approach.
- arrhenius
- Arrhenius kinetics fitted to each stage and active throughout.
- arrhenius_trigger
- Arrhenius kinetics fitted to each stage. Final stage heat only active following a trigger temperature.
- multi_stage_model_parameters (array) [={}]
- An N rows times six-column array of enthalpy (J); activation energy (J); frequency factor (1/s); reaction order n (-); and reaction order m (-); and initial condition (-) values. Each row of the array represents a specific stage (up to five).