A mechanical accelerometer is used to measure the acceleration of a rocket test sled.
                It contains a linear spring-damper system. See the image below. By tuning the
                stiffness and damping, the accelerometer can be designed to estimate the
                acceleration it feels within an acceptable time.
            
                Figure 1 .    
                    
                     
                 
             
            
                
                    
                        Objective 
                        We can compute the deviation of any system response 
                                    
                                        
                                            x 
                                            MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=
                                                feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn
                                                hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8srps0l
                                                bbf9q8WrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qiqrFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0=yr0R
                                                Yxir=Jbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeGabeqadiWa
                                                ceGabeqabeqadeqadmaakeaaieGaqaaaaaaaaaWdbiaa=Hhaaaa@331E@
                                             
                                         
                                     
                                   from its target value
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                            x 
                                            * 
                                         
                                     
                                    MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=
                                        feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn
                                        hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8srps0l
                                        bbf9q8WrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qiqrFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0=yr0R
                                        Yxir=Jbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeGabeqadiWa
                                        ceGabeqabeqadeqadmaakeaaieGaqaaaaaaaaaWdbiaa=HhapaWaaW
                                        baaSqabeaapeGaa8Nkaaaaaaa@3415@
                                     
                                 
                             
                              as follows: 
                        
                            
                            
                         
                        The problem is formulated as: 
                        
                            
                                
                                    m i n         ( 
                                        
                                            
                                                x − 
                                                    x 
                                                    * 
                                                 
                                                
                                                    ) 
                                                    2 
                                                 
                                             |  
                                        
                                            s t e a d y   s t a t e  
                                     
                                 
                                MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=
                                    feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn
                                    hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8srps0l
                                    bbf9q8WrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qiqrFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0=yr0R
                                    Yxir=Jbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeGabeqadiWa
                                    ceGabeqabeqadeqadmaakeaaqaaaaaaaaaWdbiaah2gacaWHPbGaaC
                                    OBaiaacckacaGGGcGaaiiOaiaacckacaGGOaWaaqGaa8aabaacbiWd
                                    biaa=HhacqGHsislcaWF4bWdamaaCaaaleqabaacbaWdbiaa+Pcaaa
                                    GccaGGPaWdamaaCaaaleqabaWdbiaaikdaaaaakiaawIa7a8aadaWg
                                    aaWcbaWdbiaa=nhacaWF0bGaa8xzaiaa=fgacaWFKbGaa8xEaiaa+b
                                    kacaWFZbGaa8hDaiaa=fgacaWF0bGaa8xzaaWdaeqaaaaa@4D4C@
                                 
                             
                         
                         
                        
                            
                                
                                    s u c h   t h a t         f ( 
                                        x 
                                        ) < 1 e − 3  
                                MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=
                                    feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn
                                    hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8srps0l
                                    bbf9q8WrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qiqrFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0=yr0R
                                    Yxir=Jbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeGabeqadiWa
                                    ceGabeqabeqadeqadmaakeaaqaaaaaaaaaWdbiaadohacaWG1bGaam
                                    4yaiaadIgacaGGGcGaamiDaiaadIgacaWGHbGaamiDaGqaaiaa=bka
                                    caWFGcGaa8hOaiaa=bkaieGacaGFMbWaaeWaa8aabaWdbiaa+Hhaai
                                    aawIcacaGLPaaacqGH8aapcaaIXaGaa4xzaiabgkHiTiaaiodaaaa@4736@
                                 
                             
                         
                         
                    
                    
                        Design Variables 
                        The stiffness of the spring, 
                                    
                                        
                                            k 
                                            MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=
                                                feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn
                                                hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8srps0l
                                                bbf9q8WrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qiqrFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0=yr0R
                                                Yxir=Jbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeGabeqadiWa
                                                ceGabeqabeqadeqadmaakeaaieGaqaaaaaaaaaWdbiaa=Tgaaaa@3311@
                                             
                                         
                                     
                                  , and its damping, 
                                    
                                        
                                            c 
                                            MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=
                                                feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn
                                                hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8srps0l
                                                bbf9q8WrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qiqrFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0=yr0R
                                                Yxir=Jbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeGabeqadiWa
                                                ceGabeqabeqadeqadmaakeaaieGaqaaaaaaaaaWdbiaa=ngaaaa@3309@
                                             
                                         
                                     
                                  , are the design variables. 
                    
                    
                        Results 
                        By properly selecting the spring stiffness and damping, the
                            accelerometer can be designed to respond in the desired time frame. 
                        
                            Figure 2 .