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Appendix
Reference information is provided in the appendix.
How-Tos
A collection of how-tos are included that covers advanced concepts.
How to Connect an Antenna to a HyperMesh Generated Mesh
A workflow is presented on how to connect an antenna model designed in CADFEKO to a platform model that was meshed with Altair HyperMesh.
Setting Up the Antenna in CADFEKO
To ensure mesh connectivity between the antenna mesh and platform mesh in the steps that follow, create a base for the antenna that will protrude and intersect the platform.

Welcome
Release Notes
See what's new in the latest release.
Get Started
The Feko Getting Started Guide contains step-by-step instructions on how to get started with Feko.
Examples
The Feko Example Guide contains a collection of examples that teaches you Feko concepts and essentials.
Introduction to Feko
Feko is a comprehensive electromagnetic solver with multiple solution methods that is used for electromagnetic field analyses involving 3D objects of arbitrary shapes.
CADFEKO
CADFEKO is used to create and mesh the geometry or model mesh, specify the solution settings and calculation requests in a graphical environment.
POSTFEKO
POSTFEKO, the Feko post processor, is used to display the model (configuration and mesh), results on graphs and 3D views.
EDITFEKO
EDITFEKO is used to construct advanced models (both the geometry and solution requirements) using a high-level scripting language which includes loops and conditional statements.
Feko Solution Methods
One of the key features in Feko is that it includes a broad set of unique and hybridised solution methods. Effective use of Feko features requires an understanding of the available methods.
Optimisation in Feko
Feko offers state-of-the-art optimisation engines based on generic algorithm (GA) and other methods, which can be used to automatically optimise the design and determine the optimum solution.
Feko Utilities
The Feko utilities consist of PREFEKO, OPTFEKO, ADAPTFEKO, the Launcher utility, Updater and the crash reporter.
Description of the Output File of Feko
Feko writes all the results to an ASCII output file .out as well as a binary output file .bof for usage by POSTFEKO. Use the .out file to obtain additional information about the solution.
Feko Application Macros
A large collection of application macros are available for CADFEKO and POSTFEKO.
Scripts and Application Programming Interface (API)
CADFEKO and POSTFEKO have a powerful, fast, lightweight scripting language integrated into the application allowing you to create models, get hold of simulation results and model configuration information as well as manipulation of data and automate repetitive tasks.
Appendix
Reference information is provided in the appendix.
- Application Programming Interface (API)
  CADFEKO and POSTFEKO have a powerful, fast, lightweight scripting language integrated into the application that allows you to create models, get hold of simulation results and model configuration information and much more.
- EDITFEKO Cards
  Each geometry and calculation request are entered on a separate line in the .pre and are referred to as cards.
- How-Tos
  A collection of how-tos are included that covers advanced concepts.
  - How to Use a Job Scheduling / Queuing System
    Feko integrates into job scheduling and queuing systems such as Altair PBS Professional, Torque, IBM Platform LSF, Parallelnavi NQS, SLURM and Univa Grid Engine.
  - How to Feed a Grounded Coplanar Waveguide
    A method is presented on how to feed a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) in CADFEKO. The same method can be used to feed a coplanar waveguide (CPW).
  - How to Estimate Memory Requirements for the MLFMM
    A method is presented that allows you to estimate the memory requirements for a model solved using the multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM).
  - How to Construct a Conformal Patch Antenna
    A method is presented on how to construct a conformal patch antenna in CADFEKO.
  - How to Construct a Complementary Slotted Two-Arm Spiral Antenna
    A method is presented on how to construct and feed a complementary slotted two-arm spiral antenna in CADFEKO.
  - How to Improve Convergence for the MLFMM
    The MLFMM is an iterative solution method, and under certain conditions, the iterative solution may fail to converge. Several model or solution settings are presented that could improve the model's convergence behaviour.
  - How to Improve Convergence for the MLFMM /FEM
    The hybrid multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM) / finite element method (FEM) is an iterative solution method and under certain conditions, the iterative solution may fail to converge. Several model or solution settings are presented that could improve the model's convergence behaviour.
  - How to Improve Convergence for the MoM / FEM
    The hybrid method of moments (MoM) / finite element method (FEM) is an iterative solution method, and under certain conditions, the iterative solution may fail to converge. Several model or solution settings are presented that could improve the model's convergence behaviour.
  - How to Improve Convergence for the FDTD
    The finite difference time domain (FDTD) is a solution method that may fail to converge under certain conditions. Several model or solution settings are presented that could improve the model's convergence behaviour.
  - How to Reduce Computational Resources
    Several tips and tricks are presented to reduce runtime and memory consumption. A few general tips are given as well as solution method-specific tips.
  - How to Feed a Microstrip Line Using an Infinite Substrate
    Various methods are presented on how to feed a microstrip line using an infinite planar multilayer substrate in CADFEKO.
  - How to Connect an Antenna to a HyperMesh Generated Mesh
    A workflow is presented on how to connect an antenna model designed in CADFEKO to a platform model that was meshed with Altair HyperMesh.
    - Exporting the Platform Mesh in HyperWorks
      The mesh of the platform is exported to a Feko HyperMesh (.fhm) file which contains the mesh elements, material properties, and assignment data.
    - Setting Up the Antenna in CADFEKO
      To ensure mesh connectivity between the antenna mesh and platform mesh in the steps that follow, create a base for the antenna that will protrude and intersect the platform.
    - Importing the Platform Mesh into CADFEKO
      The mesh of the platform (.fhm file) is imported into CADFEKO model containing the antenna.
    - Placing the Antenna on the Platform in CADFEKO
      The antenna is placed on the platform and remeshed.
    - Exporting the Mesh in CADFEKO
      The full model (antenna and platform) is exported to a Feko HyperMesh (.fhm) file.
    - Remeshing the Antenna and Platform in HyperWorks
      The platform and antenna base are unioned using the Mesh Boolean tool and remeshed.
    - Importing the Connected Antenna and Platform in CADFEKO
      The connected antenna mesh and platform mesh are imported into CADFEKO and simulated.
  - How to Interpret Far Fields Calculated from a PBC Solution
    This How-To helps to interpret far-fields (total and scattered) calculated with the periodic boundary condition (PBC) solution.
  - How to Install CADFEKO [LEGACY] Using the Standalone Installer
    This How-To provides background on the standalone legacy CADFEKO installer as well as the installation process.
  - How to Migrate Legacy CADFEKO Lua Scripts to the New CADFEKO API Format
    The ConvertLuaScript utility can be used to migrate legacy CADFEKO Lua scripts to the latest CADFEKO API format.
  - How to Calculate the Time Response for a Given Input Signal
    This How-To describes how to calculate the time response for a given input signal in POSTFEKO.
- FAQ
  A collection of frequently asked questions (FAQ) relating to advanced concepts are included.
- Troubleshooting
  Common problems that you may encounter are discussed as well as their solutions.
- Meshing
  When meshing a model, you can either use the automatic meshing algorithm to calculate the appropriate mesh settings or you can specify the mesh sizes. When you specify the mesh sizes, the mesh sizes should adhere to certain guidelines.
- SAR Standards
  Feko makes use of a local peak SAR algorithm.
- Solution Control
  Control the execution of Feko by specifying the memory management and environment variables.
- Read MAT, LUD, RHS and STR Files
  The .mat file, .lud file and .rhs file are not generated by default, but can be read externally.
- Integration With Other Tools
  Feko integrates with various products within Altair HyperWorks Products such as HyperStudy. Integration with third-party products is also supported through the powerful scripting and plug-in infrastructure.
- SPICE3f5
  Use the correct structure, convention and syntax for a SPICE circuit definition in Feko.
- List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
  View the list of commonly used acronyms in Feko.
- Summary of Files
  Feko creates and uses many different file types. It is useful to know what is stored in the various files and weather they were created by Feko and if it is safe to delete them. The files are grouped as either native files that have been created by Feko or non-native files that are supported by Feko. Non-native files are often exported by Feko even if the formats are not under the control of the Feko development team.
- Common Errors and Warnings
  A Feko Errors, Warnings and Notes Reference Guide is available as a reference for messages that may be encountered in Feko.

Setting Up the Antenna in CADFEKO

To ensure mesh connectivity between the antenna mesh and platform mesh in the steps that follow, create a base for the antenna that will protrude and intersect the platform.

Open CADFEKO.
Open the antenna model.

Figure 1. Circular patch antenna meshed using CADFEKO with mesh opacity at 60% showing the wire feed.
Create the antenna base and set the region medium to perfect electric conductor (PEC).
Tip:
1. Create the base by making a copy of the antenna geometry.
2. Translate the base to sit below the antenna.
Figure 2. A base was created and the region medium set to PEC.
Ensure connectivity between the antenna and its base by using one of the following workflows:
- Union the antenna and its base.
- Move¹ the base into the antenna union. The Move in operation retains the label of the antenna in the tree.

¹ Drag the base into the antenna union and from the right-click context menu, select Move in.