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AcuSolve Validation Manual
Collection of AcuSolve simulation cases for which results are compared against analytical or experimental results to demonstrate the accuracy of AcuSolve results.
Heat Transfer/Radiation
This section includes validation cases that consider the temperature of the flow by simulating one or modes of heat transfer.

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Tutorials
AcuSolve Training Manual
AcuSolve Validation Manual
AcuSolve Command Reference Manual
AcuSolve Programs Reference Manual
AcuSolve User-Defined Functions Manual
AcuTrace Command Reference Manual
AcuTrace User-Defined Functions Manual
AcuReport Reference Manual
AcuSolve Surface Processing

2023.1

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View new features for AcuSolve 2023.1.
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AcuSolve is a leading general purpose CFD solver that is capable of solving the most demanding industrial and scientific applications.
Tutorials
Discover AcuSolve functionality with interactive tutorials.
AcuSolve Training Manual
Introduction of background knowledge regarding flow physics and CFD as well as detailed information about the use of AcuSolve and what specific options do.
AcuSolve Validation Manual
Collection of AcuSolve simulation cases for which results are compared against analytical or experimental results to demonstrate the accuracy of AcuSolve results.
- Turbulent Flow
  This section includes validation cases containing flow conditions that will cause turbulence to form, requiring that a turbulence model is used.
- Steady Flow
  This section includes validation cases that consider steady state flow simulations.
- Laminar Flow
  This section includes validation cases that do not require a turbulence model to be used.
- Internal Flow
  This section includes validation cases that consider wall bounded simulation domains with internally constrained fluid medium.
- External Flow
  This section includes validation cases that consider unbounded simulation domains where external flow is present over solid bodies, leading to free boundary layer development.
- Transitional Flow
  This section includes validation cases containing conditions producing laminar to turbulent flow that are simulated with a turbulence transition model.
- Transient Flow
  This section includes validation cases that consider time dependent flow simulations.
- Heat Transfer/Radiation
  This section includes validation cases that consider the temperature of the flow by simulating one or modes of heat transfer.
  - Natural Convection in a Concentric Annulus
    In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate natural convection in the annular space between a heated inner pipe and an outer concentric pipe. AcuSolve results are compared with experimental results adapted from Kuehn and Goldstein (1978). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with experimental results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model cases with flow induced by natural convection.
  - Laminar Flow Through a Channel with Heated Walls
    In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate high Peclet number laminar flow through a channel with heated walls. AcuSolve results are compared with analytical results adapted from Hua and Pillai (2010). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with analytical results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model cases involving heat transfer to a moving fluid with a high Peclet number.
  - Laminar Flow Through a Pipe with Constant Wall Temperature
    In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate the flow of mercury through a heated pipe. The AcuSolve results are compared with analytical results for pressure drop as described in White (1991), and with temperature changes as described in Incropera and DeWitt (1981). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with analytical results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model cases with flow and imposed temperature constraints.
  - Laminar Flow Through a Pipe With Imposed Heat Flux
    In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate the flow of mercury through a heated pipe. The AcuSolve results are compared with analytical results for pressure drop as described in White (1991), and with temperature changes as described in Incropera and DeWitt (1981). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with analytical results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model cases with flow and imposed heat flux.
  - Turbulent Natural Convection Inside a Tall Cavity
    In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate the natural convection of a turbulent flow field within a tall rectangular cavity. AcuSolve results are compared with experimental results as described in Betts and Bokhari (2000). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with experimental results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model cases with natural convection of turbulent flow within a tall cavity.
  - Viscous Heating Inside a Rotating Annulus
    In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate fluid flow and viscous heating in an annulus formed by concentric cylinders. AcuSolve results are compared with analytical results adapted from Bird and others (1960). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with analytical results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model cases with viscous heating.
  - Heat Transfer Between Radiating Concentric Cylinders
    In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate the heat transfer due to radiation between concentric cylinders. The inner and outer cylinders are held at constant temperature and are defined to be radiation surfaces. AcuSolve results are compared with analytical results for temperature as described in Incropera (2006). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with analytical results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model cases with radiation heat transfer requiring view factor computation.
  - Heat Transfer Between Radiating Concentric Spheres
    In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate the heat transfer due to conduction and radiation between concentric spheres. The inside surface of the inner and the outside surface of the outer sphere are both held at constant temperature, while the gap between them radiates the heat from one sphere to the other.
  - Two-Phase Nucleate Boiling in a Cylindrical Pipe
    In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate the changes in wall temperature due to two-phase nucleate boiling at the heated walls of a pipe with water flowing through it. AcuSolve results are compared with experimental results adapted from Koncar and others (2015). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with experimental results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model two-phase nucleate boiling problems.
  - Single-Phase Nucleate Boiling in a Rectangular Channel
    In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate the wall heat flux due to nucleate boiling at a heated wall inside a rectangular channel with water flow. Results are compared with experimental heat flux measurements as reported by Steiner, et al. (2005). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with experimental results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model single phase nucleate boiling problems.
  - Supersonic Flow Through a Converging-Diverging Nozzle
    In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate the high-speed turbulent flow in a converging and then diverging nozzle. The flow within the nozzle enters as subsonic, reaches sonic at the throat and shortly after develops a normal shock. AcuSolve results are compared with experimental results adapted from Bogar and Sajben (1983). The close agreement of AcuSolve results to experimental measurements validates the ability of AcuSolve to simulate internal supersonic flows where normal shocks are present.
  - Ideal Gas Compression in an Actuating Piston
    In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate pressure and temperature inside an actuating piston using the ideal gas relationship and fully defined mesh motion. AcuSolve results are compared with analytical results as described in Moran and Shapiro (2000). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with analytical results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model cases with material properties defined by the ideal gas law subjected to significant mesh distortion.
  - Turbulent Flow Through a Heated Periodic Channel
    In this application, AcuSolve is used to solve for the flow and temperature field within a channel containing a heated wall. The wall is maintained at a constant temperature, inducing heat flux into the fluid, to predict the thermal law of the wall. The non-dimensional temperature versus the non-dimensional height above the wall is compared to the analytical correlation provided by Kader.
  - Laminar Couette Flow with Imposed Pressure Gradient and Heated Walls
    In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate the flow of a highly viscous fluid between a moving and a stationary plate with an imposed pressure gradient and fixed temperature on the walls. AcuSolve results are compared with analytical results described in White (1991). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with analytical results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model cases with imposed pressure gradients and viscous heating.
- Moving Mesh
  This section includes validation cases that consider time dependent motion within the domain, requiring that the mesh movement be modeled with a differential equation, a fully defined mesh motion or by interpolated mesh motion.
- Reference Frame
  This section includes validation cases that consider multiple reference frame simulations to model the effects of simplified rotational motion.
- Multiphase
  This section includes validation cases that consider the immiscible multiphase interaction of two fluids.
- Compressible
  This section includes validation cases that consider the compressibility of the fluid using a variable material model.
AcuSolve Command Reference Manual
AcuSolve command descriptions and corresponding examples.
AcuSolve Programs Reference Manual
AcuSolve utility programs covering preparatory and post-processing as well as user-defined functions and utility scripts.
AcuSolve User-Defined Functions Manual
Customization of AcuSolve allowing you to customize certain capabilities of the solver.
AcuTrace Command Reference Manual
Commands of AcuTrace, a particle tracer that runs as a post-processor to or a co-processor with AcuSolve.
AcuTrace User-Defined Functions Manual
Instructions to define additional solution quantities of AcuTrace called user equations.
AcuReport Reference Manual
Instruction of the AcuReport tool, a standalone post-processor batch tool used to generate a report from an AcuSolve solution database.
AcuSolve Surface Processing

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2023.1

Home
AcuSolve Validation Manual
Collection of AcuSolve simulation cases for which results are compared against analytical or experimental results to demonstrate the accuracy of AcuSolve results.
Heat Transfer/Radiation
This section includes validation cases that consider the temperature of the flow by simulating one or modes of heat transfer.

What's New
Get Started
Tutorials
AcuSolve Training Manual
AcuSolve Validation Manual
AcuSolve Command Reference Manual
AcuSolve Programs Reference Manual
AcuSolve User-Defined Functions Manual
AcuTrace Command Reference Manual
AcuTrace User-Defined Functions Manual
AcuReport Reference Manual
AcuSolve Surface Processing

Heat Transfer/Radiation

This section includes validation cases that consider the temperature of the flow by simulating one or modes of heat transfer.

Natural Convection in a Concentric Annulus
In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate natural convection in the annular space between a heated inner pipe and an outer concentric pipe. AcuSolve results are compared with experimental results adapted from Kuehn and Goldstein (1978). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with experimental results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model cases with flow induced by natural convection.
Laminar Flow Through a Channel with Heated Walls
In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate high Peclet number laminar flow through a channel with heated walls. AcuSolve results are compared with analytical results adapted from Hua and Pillai (2010). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with analytical results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model cases involving heat transfer to a moving fluid with a high Peclet number.
Laminar Flow Through a Pipe with Constant Wall Temperature
In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate the flow of mercury through a heated pipe. The AcuSolve results are compared with analytical results for pressure drop as described in White (1991), and with temperature changes as described in Incropera and DeWitt (1981). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with analytical results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model cases with flow and imposed temperature constraints.
Laminar Flow Through a Pipe With Imposed Heat Flux
In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate the flow of mercury through a heated pipe. The AcuSolve results are compared with analytical results for pressure drop as described in White (1991), and with temperature changes as described in Incropera and DeWitt (1981). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with analytical results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model cases with flow and imposed heat flux.
Turbulent Natural Convection Inside a Tall Cavity
In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate the natural convection of a turbulent flow field within a tall rectangular cavity. AcuSolve results are compared with experimental results as described in Betts and Bokhari (2000). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with experimental results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model cases with natural convection of turbulent flow within a tall cavity.
Viscous Heating Inside a Rotating Annulus
In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate fluid flow and viscous heating in an annulus formed by concentric cylinders. AcuSolve results are compared with analytical results adapted from Bird and others (1960). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with analytical results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model cases with viscous heating.
Heat Transfer Between Radiating Concentric Cylinders
In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate the heat transfer due to radiation between concentric cylinders. The inner and outer cylinders are held at constant temperature and are defined to be radiation surfaces. AcuSolve results are compared with analytical results for temperature as described in Incropera (2006). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with analytical results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model cases with radiation heat transfer requiring view factor computation.
Heat Transfer Between Radiating Concentric Spheres
In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate the heat transfer due to conduction and radiation between concentric spheres. The inside surface of the inner and the outside surface of the outer sphere are both held at constant temperature, while the gap between them radiates the heat from one sphere to the other.
Two-Phase Nucleate Boiling in a Cylindrical Pipe
In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate the changes in wall temperature due to two-phase nucleate boiling at the heated walls of a pipe with water flowing through it. AcuSolve results are compared with experimental results adapted from Koncar and others (2015). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with experimental results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model two-phase nucleate boiling problems.
Single-Phase Nucleate Boiling in a Rectangular Channel
In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate the wall heat flux due to nucleate boiling at a heated wall inside a rectangular channel with water flow. Results are compared with experimental heat flux measurements as reported by Steiner, et al. (2005). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with experimental results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model single phase nucleate boiling problems.
Supersonic Flow Through a Converging-Diverging Nozzle
In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate the high-speed turbulent flow in a converging and then diverging nozzle. The flow within the nozzle enters as subsonic, reaches sonic at the throat and shortly after develops a normal shock. AcuSolve results are compared with experimental results adapted from Bogar and Sajben (1983). The close agreement of AcuSolve results to experimental measurements validates the ability of AcuSolve to simulate internal supersonic flows where normal shocks are present.
Ideal Gas Compression in an Actuating Piston
In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate pressure and temperature inside an actuating piston using the ideal gas relationship and fully defined mesh motion. AcuSolve results are compared with analytical results as described in Moran and Shapiro (2000). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with analytical results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model cases with material properties defined by the ideal gas law subjected to significant mesh distortion.
Turbulent Flow Through a Heated Periodic Channel
In this application, AcuSolve is used to solve for the flow and temperature field within a channel containing a heated wall. The wall is maintained at a constant temperature, inducing heat flux into the fluid, to predict the thermal law of the wall. The non-dimensional temperature versus the non-dimensional height above the wall is compared to the analytical correlation provided by Kader.
Laminar Couette Flow with Imposed Pressure Gradient and Heated Walls
In this application, AcuSolve is used to simulate the flow of a highly viscous fluid between a moving and a stationary plate with an imposed pressure gradient and fixed temperature on the walls. AcuSolve results are compared with analytical results described in White (1991). The close agreement of AcuSolve results with analytical results validates the ability of AcuSolve to model cases with imposed pressure gradients and viscous heating.

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