Home
Examples
The Feko Example Guide contains a collection of examples that teaches you Feko concepts and essentials.
Radar Cross Section (RCS)
Simple examples demonstrating radar cross section (RCS) calculations of objects.
RCS and Near Field of a Dielectric Sphere
Calculate the radar cross section and the near field inside and outside of a dielectric sphere using the surface equivalence principle (SEP).

Welcome
Release Notes
See what's new in the latest release.
Get Started
The Feko Getting Started Guide contains step-by-step instructions on how to get started with Feko.
Examples
The Feko Example Guide contains a collection of examples that teaches you Feko concepts and essentials.
- Example Summary
  View a summary of the examples in the Feko Example Guide.
- Antenna Synthesis and Analysis
  Simple examples demonstrating antenna synthesis and analysis.
- Antenna Placement
  Simple examples demonstrating antenna placement.
- Radar Cross Section (RCS)
  Simple examples demonstrating radar cross section (RCS) calculations of objects.
  - RCS of a Thin Dielectric Sheet
    Calculate the bistatic radar cross section of an electrically thin dielectric sheet. The sheet is modelled using the thin dielectric sheet approximation and is illuminated by an incident plane wave.
  - RCS and Near Field of a Dielectric Sphere
    Calculate the radar cross section and the near field inside and outside of a dielectric sphere using the surface equivalence principle (SEP).
    - Creating the Model
      Create the model in CADFEKO. Define any ports and sources required for the model. Specify the operating frequency or frequency range for the model.
    - Defining Calculation Requests
      Define the calculation requests in CADFEKO.
    - Modifying the Auto-Generated Mesh
      Modify the model mesh in CADFEKO using the correct settings. A mesh is a discretised representation of a geometry model or mesh model used for simulation in the Solver.
    - Running the Feko Solver
      Run the Solver to compute the calculation requests.
    - Viewing the Results
      View and post-process the results in POSTFEKO.
  - Scattering Width of an Infinite Cylinder
    Calculate the scattering width of an infinite cylinder. The infinite cylinder is modelled using an one-dimensional periodic boundary condition (PBC).
  - Periodic Boundary Conditions for FSS Characterisation
    Calculate the transmission and reflection coefficients for a Jerusalem cross FSS (frequency selective surface) structure. The cross is modelled with a periodic boundary condition and is excited with an incident plane wave.
  - Bandpass FSS
    Calculate the transmission coefficient of a second order, electrically thin bandpass FSS (frequency selective surface) structure. The structure is modelled with a periodic boundary condition and is excited with an incident plane wave.
- EMC Analysis and Cable Coupling
  Simple examples demonstrating electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis and cable coupling.
- Waveguide and Microwave Circuits
  Simple examples demonstrating using waveguides and microwave circuits.
- Bio Electromagnetics
  Simple examples demonstrating phantom and tissue exposure analsysis.
- Time Domain
  A simple example demonstrating the time analysis of an incident plane wave on an obstacle.
- Special Solution Methods
  Simple examples demonstrating using continuous frequency range, using the MLFMM for large models, using the LE-PO (large element physical optics) on subparts of the model and optimising the waveguide pin feed location.
- User Interface Tools
  Simple examples demonstrating using Feko application automation, matching circuit generation with Optenni Lab and optimising a bandpass filter with HyperStudy.
Introduction to Feko
Feko is a comprehensive electromagnetic solver with multiple solution methods that is used for electromagnetic field analyses involving 3D objects of arbitrary shapes.
CADFEKO
CADFEKO is used to create and mesh the geometry or model mesh, specify the solution settings and calculation requests in a graphical environment.
POSTFEKO
POSTFEKO, the Feko post processor, is used to display the model (configuration and mesh), results on graphs and 3D views.
EDITFEKO
EDITFEKO is used to construct advanced models (both the geometry and solution requirements) using a high-level scripting language which includes loops and conditional statements.
Feko Solution Methods
One of the key features in Feko is that it includes a broad set of unique and hybridised solution methods. Effective use of Feko features requires an understanding of the available methods.
Optimisation in Feko
Feko offers state-of-the-art optimisation engines based on generic algorithm (GA) and other methods, which can be used to automatically optimise the design and determine the optimum solution.
Feko Utilities
The Feko utilities consist of PREFEKO, OPTFEKO, ADAPTFEKO, the Launcher utility, Updater and the crash reporter.
Description of the Output File of Feko
Feko writes all the results to an ASCII output file .out as well as a binary output file .bof for usage by POSTFEKO. Use the .out file to obtain additional information about the solution.
Feko Application Macros
A large collection of application macros are available for CADFEKO and POSTFEKO.
Scripts and Application Programming Interface (API)
CADFEKO and POSTFEKO have a powerful, fast, lightweight scripting language integrated into the application allowing you to create models, get hold of simulation results and model configuration information as well as manipulation of data and automate repetitive tasks.
Appendix
Reference information is provided in the appendix.

RCS and Near Field of a Dielectric Sphere

Calculate the radar cross section and the near field inside and outside of a dielectric sphere using the surface equivalence principle (SEP).

Figure 1. 3D view of a dielectric sphere with a plane wave (source).

The bistatic radar cross section for sphere¹ is computed by:

σ (b i s t a t i c) = \lim_{r \to \infty} [4 π r^{2} \frac{∣ E^{s} ∣^{2}}{∣ E^{i} ∣^{2}}]

Tip: Find the completed model in the application macro library².

¹ C. A. Balanis, Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics, Wiley, 1989, pp. 655.

² The application macro library is located on the Home tab, in the Scripting group. Click the Application Macro icon and from the drop-down list, select Example Guide.