Welcome
Release Notes
See what's new in the latest release.
Get Started
The Feko Getting Started Guide contains step-by-step instructions on how to get started with Feko.
Examples
The Feko Example Guide contains a collection of examples that teaches you Feko concepts and essentials.
Introduction to Feko
Feko is a comprehensive electromagnetic solver with multiple solution methods that is used for electromagnetic field analyses involving 3D objects of arbitrary shapes.
CADFEKO
CADFEKO is used to create and mesh the geometry or model mesh, specify the solution settings and calculation requests in a graphical environment.
POSTFEKO
POSTFEKO, the Feko post processor, is used to display the model (configuration and mesh), results on graphs and 3D views.
- Introduction to POSTFEKO
  Use POSTFEKO to validate meshed geometry and analyse and post-process results.
- Quick Tour of the POSTFEKO Interface
  View the main elements and terminology in the POSTFEKO graphical user interface (GUI).
- Preferences
  POSTFEKO has various default settings that you can configure to customise it to your preference.
- Rendering Options
  A number of rendering options are available to ensure that 3D models and graphs (containing a large number of sample points) are rendered efficiently.
- Model and Project Basics
  You can add a model, open an existing project and save the project.
- Data Import
  Import text files, native data files and Touchstone format files.
- Data Export
  POSTFEKO supports the export of native file formats. These files can be exported to use in other sessions or when further post-processing is required.
- Terminology
  The terms, dataset, slice, trace and 3D result, are used extensively in the documentation. Review the definitions to get a better concept of these definitions.
- Graphs (Cartesian, Polar and Smith Charts)
  Display result data on a graph to allow visual interpretation of the data in a human-readable format, as well as to communicate the results in reports and presentations.
- Cartesian Surface Graphs
  A Cartesian surface graph is a flat colour plot with results plotted against two independent axes.
- 3D Views
  View the simulation data in a 3D view to allow visual interpretation of the data in a human-readable format, as well as to communicate the results in reports and presentations. The 3D view can also be used to verify that the CADFEKO or EDITFEKO model is correct.
- Frequency Domain Results
  The Solver contains a number of frequency domain solution methods, as well as a time domain solution method. By default, all simulation results are obtained in the frequency domain, unless explicitly using the time analysis tool in POSTFEKO to convert the results to the time domain.
- Time Domain Results
  With the time analysis tool in POSTFEKO, electromagnetic scattering problems can be analysed in the time domain. The time domain results are obtained by applying an inverse fast Fourier transformation (IFFT) on the frequency domain simulation results.
  - Guidelines for Defining a Time Signal
    The simulated frequency range and frequency sampling affects the time signal that can be created.
  - Defining the Input Time Pulse
    Create a time signal to analyse frequency domain results in the time domain. A list of predefined time signals are available.
    - Define Pulse Mathematically
      Define a time pulse using an analytical equation.
      - Example: Define a Sine Wave Pulse
        Define a sine wave pulse with a delay of 0.3 ns and a duration of 0.5 ns.
    - Double Exponential Piecewise Pulse
      Define a double exponential piecewise time pulse.
    - Double Exponential Difference Pulse
      Define a double exponential difference time pulse.
    - Gaussian Pulse (Normal Distribution)
      Define a Gaussian time pulse with a normal distribution.
    - Ramp Pulse
      Define a ramp time pulse.
    - Triangular Pulse
      Define a triangular time pulse.
    - Specify Points Manually
      Define a time pulse by specifying the points manually.
  - Adding Time Domain Results to a View
    Add the time results to a 3D view or graph.
  - Time Domain Results
    The following time domain results can be added to a valid 3D view or graph.
  - Spectral Extrapolation Techniques
    When performing a time analysis where lower frequencies are not simulated and need to be estimated, different options are available to extrapolate the spectral component of the simulation result to 0 Hz.
- Animation
  Use animation to obtain a better understanding of results or export the animation to use in a presentation or report.
- Generating Reports
  POSTFEKO is a useful tool to help analyse and present data in a useful format. It is often required to use the processed results in a report or presentation. To help make it easier to generate these reports, several tools are available in POSTFEKO.
- Lua Scripting
  Feko provides a powerful scripting language that allows you to create scripts that control CADFEKO and POSTFEKO.
- Tools
  POSTFEKO has a collection of tools that allows you to quickly validate the model, for example, measure distances, measure angles and finding specific mesh elements.
- Math Functions in POSTFEKO
  View the list of supported math functions.
- Files Generated by POSTFEKO
  View the files associated and generated by POSTFEKO.
- Default Shortcut Keys
  View the shortcut keys available for POSTFEKO for faster and easier operation of POSTFEKO.
EDITFEKO
EDITFEKO is used to construct advanced models (both the geometry and solution requirements) using a high-level scripting language which includes loops and conditional statements.
Feko Solution Methods
One of the key features in Feko is that it includes a broad set of unique and hybridised solution methods. Effective use of Feko features requires an understanding of the available methods.
Optimisation in Feko
Feko offers state-of-the-art optimisation engines based on generic algorithm (GA) and other methods, which can be used to automatically optimise the design and determine the optimum solution.
Feko Utilities
The Feko utilities consist of PREFEKO, OPTFEKO, ADAPTFEKO, the Launcher utility, Updater and the crash reporter.
Description of the Output File of Feko
Feko writes all the results to an ASCII output file .out as well as a binary output file .bof for usage by POSTFEKO. Use the .out file to obtain additional information about the solution.
Feko Application Macros
A large collection of application macros are available for CADFEKO and POSTFEKO.
Scripts and Application Programming Interface (API)
CADFEKO and POSTFEKO have a powerful, fast, lightweight scripting language integrated into the application allowing you to create models, get hold of simulation results and model configuration information as well as manipulation of data and automate repetitive tasks.
Appendix
Reference information is provided in the appendix.

Define Pulse Mathematically

Define a time pulse using an analytical equation.

Figure 1. Define a time signal using an analytical equation.

Time axis unit: Specify the unit to be used for the time axis.
Total signal duration ( $s_{d}$ $s_{d}$ ): The total length of the signal in the specified units.
f(t): Analytical equation describing the input pulse, where t can be used as the input time variable.
Number of samples: The number of samples taken from the signal’s analytical equation.