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Radioss Reference Guide
This manual provides a detailed list of all the input keywords and options available in Radioss.
Starter Input
This manual provides a list of all the model definition keywords and options available in Radioss.
General Controls
Block Format Keyword In this group, keywords are used to set default value, global parameter, analysis type, input/output print, damping and ALE and CFD treatment for the whole model. For default value, it is still possible to overwrite in each specific keywords.
Damping
Block Format Keyword In this group, keywords are used to set Rayleigh mass and stiffness damping coefficients, which apply to a set of nodes used to stabilize the results.
/DAMP/FREQUENCY_RANGE
Block Format Keyword This keyword can be used to define a constant damping over a range of frequencies on set of parts on the solid or shell element deformation.

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View new features for Radioss 2026.
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Radioss is a leading explicit finite element solver for crash and impact simulation.
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Radioss User Guide
This manual provides details on the features, functionality, and simulation methods available in Altair Radioss.
Radioss Reference Guide
This manual provides a detailed list of all the input keywords and options available in Radioss.
- File Extensions and Formats
  Current Radioss format uses the 12x extension format.
- Single File Input
  This format allows running either Starter or Engine with the same file.
- New Keywords in 2026
  New and modified features in Radioss.
- Starter Input
  This manual provides a list of all the model definition keywords and options available in Radioss.
  - 2D and 3D Analysis Options
  - Starter Keywords Syntax
    Block Format Keyword
  - Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH)
    The Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics method formulation is used to solve the equations of mechanics, when particles are free from a meshing grid.
  - Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
  - General Controls
    Block Format Keyword In this group, keywords are used to set default value, global parameter, analysis type, input/output print, damping and ALE and CFD treatment for the whole model. For default value, it is still possible to overwrite in each specific keywords.
    - Formats
    - Default Value
      Keywords used to set the default value.
    - Computation
    - Input/Output
    - Damping
      Block Format Keyword In this group, keywords are used to set Rayleigh mass and stiffness damping coefficients, which apply to a set of nodes used to stabilize the results.
      - /DAMP
        Block Format Keyword This keyword can be used to define the Rayleigh mass and stiffness damping coefficients applied to a set of nodes. The damping can be applied to any nodal DOF either in local or global coordinate system.
      - /DAMP/FREQUENCY_RANGE
        Block Format Keyword This keyword can be used to define a constant damping over a range of frequencies on set of parts on the solid or shell element deformation.
      - /DAMP/FUNCT
        Block Format Keyword This keyword can be used to define the Rayleigh mass damping coefficients applied to a set of nodes. The damping can be applied to any nodal degrees of freedom from function of time.
      - /DAMP/INTER
        Block Format Keyword The card is intended to apply Rayleigh damping to the nodes inside of specified contact to increase its stability and reduce results scattering due to small variations of initial or boundary conditions.
      - /DAMP/VREL
        Block Format Keyword Used to define the Rayleigh mass damping relative to the average velocity of the set of nodes or the motion of the local frame.
    - ALE and CFD
  - Nodes
    Block Format Keyword In Radioss, two node types are available. They use Cartesian coordinate to describe the position of each node.
  - Elements
    Block Format Keyword
  - Component and Parts Organization
    Block Format Keyword In this group, keywords are used to combine material and property information (/PART), assemble model (/SUBSET) or define a separate model (//SUBMODEL).
  - Interfaces
    Block Format Keyword Interfaces solve the contact and impact conditions between two parts of a model. Several interface types are available in Radioss and use different contact treatments.
  - Materials
  - Properties
    Block Format Keyword
  - Monitored Volumes (Airbags)
    Block Format Keyword Monitored volumes can be used to model an airbag, tire, tank, or any closed volume.
  - Constraints
    Block Format Keyword Radioss supports several different kinematic constraints, which are mainly used to impose acceleration, velocity, displacement or temperature in structure or constraint the moving of structure. They are mutually exclusive for each degree-of-freedom (DOF). Two kinematic conditions applied to the same node may be incompatible.
  - Load Cases
    Block Format Keyword In Radioss the following load cases are available. Stress/strain as initial state could be considered by modeling, as well as pressure, gravity, and thermal load.
  - Tools
    Block Format Keyword In this group, tools like transformation, frames, skews, and curve are introduced.
  - Groups(Sets)
    Block Format Keyword Keywords in this group are used to define how to select a group of node, part, elements, lines, or surfaces.
  - Adaptive Meshings
    Block Format Keyword Adaptive Meshing is used in metal forming to divide the element to better describe the geometry. /ADMESH/GLOBAL and /ADMESH/SET are not available for SPMD computation.
  - Output Database
    Block Format Keyword Time histories output for different element groups, section output, or gauge output are described in this group.
- Engine Input
  This manual provides a list of all the solution definition keywords and options available in Radioss.
- LS-DYNA Input
  This manual provides a list of LS-DYNA input files available in Radioss.
- Multi-Domain
  This manual contains the description of the keywords for the Radioss Multi-Domain.
- Obsolete Keywords
  Keywords that are still supported, but no longer maintained (*) are considered obsolete.
- Other Files
- Definition
Radioss Example Guide
This manual presents examples solved using Radioss with regard to common problem types.
Radioss Verification Problems
This manual presents solved verification models.
Radioss Frequently Asked Questions
This section provides quick responses to typical and frequently asked questions regarding Radioss.
Radioss Theory Manual
This manual provides detailed information about the theory used in the Altair Radioss Solver.
Radioss User Subroutines
This manual describes the interface between Altair Radioss and user subroutines.

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/DAMP/FREQUENCY_RANGE

Block Format Keyword This keyword can be used to define a constant damping over a range of frequencies on set of parts on the solid or shell element deformation.

Format


(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)
/DAMP/FREQUENCY_RANGE/`damp_ID`
`damp_title`
`CDAMP`				`grpart_ID`		`T`_start		`T`_stop
`Freq_low`		`Freq_high`

Definition


Field	Contents	SI Unit Example
`damp_ID`	Damping identifier. (Integer, maximum 10 digits)
`damp_title`	Damping title. (Character, maximum 100 characters)
`CDAMP`	Damping ratio (fraction of critical damping). (Real)
`grpart_ID`	Part group identifier. Damping is applied on all solid and shell parts if `grpart_ID` is not defined. Default = 0 (Integer)
`T`_start	Start time. (Real)	$[s]$
`T`_stop	Stop time. Default = 10²⁰ (Real)	$[s]$
`Freq_low`	Lowest frequency in range. (Real)	$[\frac{1}{s}]$
`Freq_high`	Highest frequency in range. (Real)	$[\frac{1}{s}]$

Comments

Damping is applied at element level, so that global motion of the element is preserved.
Damping is only available for solid and shell elements. When grpart_ID=0 only parts containing solid and shell elements are considered.
A part can not be referenced in several /DAMP/FREQUENCY_RANGE options.
The damping is obtained by a combination of 3 Maxwell dampers. It implies that the damping is not null outside of the frequency range and is not perfectly constant inside.
Figure 1. Schematic representation of damping applied on element

Figure 2. Evolution of damping ratio with frequency
The mechanical characteristics of the Maxwell dampers are automatically computed for each element from parameters of the /DAMP/FREQUENCY RANGE and from the Young's modulus. In case of nonlinear material tangent Young's modulus is used.
To have a constant level of damping inside frequency range, it is recommended to use a ratio between Freq_low and Freq_high no higher than 100.