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Examples
The Feko Example Guide contains a collection of examples that teaches you Feko concepts and essentials.
Special Solution Methods
Simple examples demonstrating using continuous frequency range, using the MLFMM for large models, using the LE-PO (large element physical optics) on subparts of the model and optimising the waveguide pin feed location.
Horn Feeding a Large Reflector
Calculate the gain for a cylindrical horn feeding a parabolic reflector at 12.5 GHz. The reflector is electrically large (diameter of 36 wavelengths) and well separated from the horn. Several techniques available in Feko are considered to reduce the required resources for electrically large models.

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Release Notes
See what's new in the latest release.
Get Started
The Feko Getting Started Guide contains step-by-step instructions on how to get started with Feko.
Examples
The Feko Example Guide contains a collection of examples that teaches you Feko concepts and essentials.
- Example Summary
  View a summary of the examples in the Feko Example Guide.
- Antenna Synthesis and Analysis
  Simple examples demonstrating antenna synthesis and analysis.
- Antenna Placement
  Simple examples demonstrating antenna placement.
- Radar Cross Section (RCS)
  Simple examples demonstrating radar cross section (RCS) calculations of objects.
- EMC Analysis and Cable Coupling
  Simple examples demonstrating electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis and cable coupling.
- Waveguide and Microwave Circuits
  Simple examples demonstrating using waveguides and microwave circuits.
- Bio Electromagnetics
  Simple examples demonstrating phantom and tissue exposure analsysis.
- Time Domain
  A simple example demonstrating the time analysis of an incident plane wave on an obstacle.
- Special Solution Methods
  Simple examples demonstrating using continuous frequency range, using the MLFMM for large models, using the LE-PO (large element physical optics) on subparts of the model and optimising the waveguide pin feed location.
  - Forked Dipole Antenna (Continuous Frequency Range)
    Calculate the input admittance for a simple forked dipole.
  - Using the MLFMM for Electrically Large Models
    Consider the resource saving advantage of using the MLFMM for electrically large models
  - Horn Feeding a Large Reflector
    Calculate the gain for a cylindrical horn feeding a parabolic reflector at 12.5 GHz. The reflector is electrically large (diameter of 36 wavelengths) and well separated from the horn. Several techniques available in Feko are considered to reduce the required resources for electrically large models.
    - MoM Horn and LE-PO Reflector
      Create the horn and the parabolic reflector. Solve the horn using MoM and the reflector using LE-PO.
    - MLFMM Horn and PO Reflector
      Solve the horn using MLFMM and the reflector using PO.
    - MLFMM Horn and LE-PO Reflector
      Solve the horn using MLFMM and the reflector using LE-PO.
    - Obtaining the Fields from the Horn Antenna
      Calculate the fields of only the horn antenna. Export the fields to file for usage in an equivalent source.
    - Near Field Source and LE-PO Reflector
      Solve the horn using an equivalent near field source and the reflector using LE-PO.
    - Spherical Modes Source and LE-PO Reflector
      Solve the horn using a spherical modes source and the reflector using LE-PO.
    - Comparing the Results
      Compare the resource requirements and far field gain patterns for the models using different solver techniques.
  - Optimise Waveguide Pin Feed Location
    Analyse the effect of the pin offset on the reflection coefficient using an optimisation grid search and the NGF solution settings.
  - Characterised Surfaces for FSS
    Use characterised surfaces with ray launching geometrical optics (RL-GO) for an efficient solution of a frequency selective surface (FSS).
- User Interface Tools
  Simple examples demonstrating using Feko application automation, matching circuit generation with Optenni Lab and optimising a bandpass filter with HyperStudy.
Introduction to Feko
Feko is a comprehensive electromagnetic solver with multiple solution methods that is used for electromagnetic field analyses involving 3D objects of arbitrary shapes.
CADFEKO
CADFEKO is used to create and mesh the geometry or model mesh, specify the solution settings and calculation requests in a graphical environment.
POSTFEKO
POSTFEKO, the Feko post processor, is used to display the model (configuration and mesh), results on graphs and 3D views.
EDITFEKO
EDITFEKO is used to construct advanced models (both the geometry and solution requirements) using a high-level scripting language which includes loops and conditional statements.
Feko Solution Methods
One of the key features in Feko is that it includes a broad set of unique and hybridised solution methods. Effective use of Feko features requires an understanding of the available methods.
Optimisation in Feko
Feko offers state-of-the-art optimisation engines based on generic algorithm (GA) and other methods, which can be used to automatically optimise the design and determine the optimum solution.
Feko Utilities
The Feko utilities consist of PREFEKO, OPTFEKO, ADAPTFEKO, the Launcher utility, Updater and the crash reporter.
Description of the Output File of Feko
Feko writes all the results to an ASCII output file .out as well as a binary output file .bof for usage by POSTFEKO. Use the .out file to obtain additional information about the solution.
Feko Application Macros
A large collection of application macros are available for CADFEKO and POSTFEKO.
Scripts and Application Programming Interface (API)
CADFEKO and POSTFEKO have a powerful, fast, lightweight scripting language integrated into the application allowing you to create models, get hold of simulation results and model configuration information as well as manipulation of data and automate repetitive tasks.
Appendix
Reference information is provided in the appendix.

Horn Feeding a Large Reflector

Calculate the gain for a cylindrical horn feeding a parabolic reflector at 12.5 GHz. The reflector is electrically large (diameter of 36 wavelengths) and well separated from the horn. Several techniques available in Feko are considered to reduce the required resources for electrically large models.

Use the following techniques to reduce the required resources:

For electrically large models, use the multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM) instead of the method of moments (MoM). The required memory is reduced considerably by using MLFMM.
For subparts of the model, use large element physical optics (LE-PO) .
Subdivide the problem and use an equivalent source.
- Near field source - A region can be replaced by equivalent electric and magnetic field sources on the boundary of the region.
- Spherical modes source - A far field can also be used as an impressed source.

Figure 1. A 3D view of the cylindrical horn and parabolic reflector.

Tip: Each model uses its predecessor as a starting point. Create the models in their presentation order. Save each model to a new location to keep them.

Tip: Find the completed models in the application macro library¹.

¹ The application macro library is located on the Home tab, in the Scripting group. Click the Application Macro icon and from the drop-down list, select Example Guide.